ATI RN
Pediatric NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects. Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four abnormalities - pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary stenosis in Tetralogy of Fallot results in decreased pulmonary blood flow, leading to cyanosis. The other choices (Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Patent ductus arteriosus) do not result in decreased pulmonary blood flow.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse should expect to assess which causative agent in a child with warts?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warts are typically caused by a viral infection, specifically the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus infects the top layer of the skin, causing the skin cells to grow rapidly, leading to the formation of a wart. Other causative agents such as bacteria, fungus, and parasites do not typically cause warts in children. Therefore, when assessing a child with warts, the nurse should expect the causative agent to be a virus, specifically HPV.
Question 3 of 5
Victorio is being managed for diarrhea. Which outcome indictes that fluid resuscitation is successful?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The outcome that indicates successful fluid resuscitation in managing diarrhea is when the patient reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity. This is because diarrhea is characterized by an increase in stool frequency and liquidity due to the body's attempt to expel irritants or infections. By successfully resuscitating with fluids, the goal is to rehydrate the body and restore electrolyte balance, which should lead to a decrease in stool frequency and formation of more solid stools. This improvement in stool consistency and frequency is a clear indicator that the fluid resuscitation has been effective in treating the diarrhea. Therefore, option B is the correct choice for the outcome indicating successful fluid resuscitation in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Which is defined as a vaguely outlined area of edematous tissue situated over the portion of the scalp that presents in a vertex delivery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caput succedaneum is the vaguely outlined area of edematous tissue situated over the portion of the scalp that presents in a vertex delivery. It is often caused by pressure from the vaginal wall during labor. This condition does not involve the calvarial bone and typically resolves on its own within a few days after birth. Hydrocephalus refers to the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, which can result in an enlarged head circumference. Cephalhematoma is a collection of blood between the periosteum and the skull bone, usually occurring after birth trauma. Subdural hematoma is bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater surrounding the brain and is typically seen in traumatic head injuries.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is working on the pediatric floor, caring for an infant who is very fussy and has a diagnosis of DI. Which parameter should the nurse monitor while the infant is on fluid restrictions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI) who is on fluid restrictions, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the treatment regimen. DI is a condition characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). By monitoring urine output, the nurse can determine if the restrictions are achieving the goal of decreasing urine volume and preventing dehydration. Changes in urine output can also indicate the need for adjustments in the treatment plan. Monitoring oral intake, appearance of mucous membranes, and pulse and temperature are important aspects of pediatric care but are not as directly related to managing fluid restrictions in a patient with DI.