A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In teaching a client with chronic kidney disease about nutrition, it is crucial to emphasize limiting protein intake. The correct answer is C) Limit protein intake. This recommendation is essential because impaired kidney function in chronic kidney disease leads to a reduced ability to clear waste products from protein metabolism, resulting in a buildup of uremic toxins. Therefore, reducing protein intake can help lessen the workload on the kidneys and slow the progression of kidney disease. Option A) Increase phosphorus intake is incorrect because in chronic kidney disease, there is difficulty excreting phosphorus, leading to hyperphosphatemia, which can contribute to bone and mineral disorders. Option B) Limit calcium intake is incorrect because while calcium levels may need monitoring in kidney disease, a blanket limitation is not recommended as it can lead to other complications such as bone disorders. Option D) Increase potassium intake is incorrect as hyperkalemia is a common concern in kidney disease, and increasing potassium intake can further exacerbate this electrolyte imbalance. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to understand the rationale behind dietary recommendations for clients with chronic kidney disease to effectively educate and support them in managing their condition and promoting overall health and well-being. By providing evidence-based nutritional guidance, nurses can empower clients to make informed decisions about their diet and lifestyle to optimize their kidney function and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct answer. The statement "I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams" indicates that the client understands the teaching about a heart-healthy diet for hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so limiting sodium is crucial for managing hypertension. Option A is incorrect because getting 15% of total daily calories from saturated fats is not heart-healthy. Saturated fats can contribute to elevated cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Option B is also incorrect because decreasing potassium in the diet is not recommended for hypertension management. Potassium is essential for regulating blood pressure and muscle function. Option D is incorrect because while eating fruits is generally healthy, the specific quantity mentioned may not be necessary or appropriate for managing hypertension. Educationally, it's important for nurses to teach clients about the impact of different nutrients on their health conditions. Understanding the role of sodium, potassium, and saturated fats in hypertension can empower clients to make informed dietary choices to better manage their condition and overall health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of a client with bulimia nervosa, electrolyte imbalances are a common concern due to purging behaviors. The correct answer is option D) Potassium 3.2. A potassium level of 3.2 is significantly below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and can lead to serious cardiac complications such as arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Hypokalemia is a common finding in individuals with bulimia due to excessive vomiting or laxative abuse, which can lead to potassium depletion. Option A) White Blood Cells 5,200/mm3 is within the normal range (4,500-11,000/mm3) and is not typically affected by bulimia nervosa. Option B) Hemoglobin 14 is also within the normal range (12-16 g/dL) and is not a priority concern in this context. Option C) Magnesium 1.6 is low, but potassium is a more critical electrolyte to monitor in clients with bulimia nervosa. Hypomagnesemia is common in eating disorders but does not pose the same immediate risk as severe hypokalemia. Educationally, understanding the importance of monitoring electrolyte levels in clients with eating disorders is crucial for nurses. Recognizing the significance of abnormal laboratory values and their potential impact on the client's health allows for timely intervention and prevention of complications. By prioritizing potassium monitoring in this scenario, the nurse demonstrates clinical judgment and promotes patient safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of managing anorexia while undergoing radiation therapy, the correct instruction of consuming nutrient-dense foods first (Option D) is crucial for several reasons. Nutrient-dense foods provide essential vitamins, minerals, and calories in a smaller volume, which is beneficial for individuals struggling with poor appetite. By prioritizing these foods, the client can ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition despite reduced intake. This instruction also helps in meeting the increased nutritional demands during radiation therapy, supporting the body's healing process and maintaining strength. Option A, limiting high kilo-calorie supplements to between meals, is incorrect as anorexic clients often struggle to consume enough calories, and limiting supplements may further reduce their overall caloric intake, leading to nutritional deficiencies. Option B, avoiding overeating during "good" days, is inappropriate as anorexic individuals often have distorted perceptions of hunger and fullness. Encouraging them to eat appropriately sized meals consistently is more beneficial than fluctuating intake based on perceived good or bad days. Option C, eating hot foods rather than cold foods, is not directly related to managing anorexia during radiation therapy. While temperature preferences can impact appetite, it is not as critical as prioritizing nutrient-dense foods for adequate nutrition. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind selecting nutrient-dense foods first empowers nurses to provide evidence-based nutritional guidance to clients. By emphasizing the importance of nutrient density, healthcare professionals can support clients in optimizing their nutritional intake to promote healing and overall well-being during cancer treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) A low-protein diet should be followed for three months prior to conception. In Phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals have a deficiency in the enzyme needed to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. During pregnancy, high levels of phenylalanine can be harmful to the developing fetus. By following a low-protein diet three months before conception, the client can lower their phenylalanine levels, reducing the risk of complications for the baby. Option A is incorrect because the focus for PKU management is on restricting phenylalanine, not on diet sodas. Option B is incorrect as monitoring serum bilirubin is not directly related to managing PKU during pregnancy. Option C is incorrect because breastfeeding will not prevent a baby from developing PKU if they inherit the genetic mutation. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of preconception counseling for individuals with PKU. It underscores the need for strict dietary management to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Understanding the specific dietary recommendations for PKU is crucial in managing the condition and reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy.