ATI RN
foundation of nursing questions and answers Questions
Question 1 of 9
A nurse is teaching a patient with glaucoma how to administer eye drops to achieve maximum absorption. The nurse should teach the patient to perform what action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because instilling the medication in the conjunctival sac allows for direct absorption into the eye tissues. This method ensures that the medication reaches the target area for treating glaucoma effectively. Maintaining a supine position (choice B) or keeping the eyes closed (choice C) after administration does not enhance absorption and may lead to wasted medication. Applying the medication to the sclera (choice D) is incorrect as it does not target the specific area needed for treating glaucoma.
Question 2 of 9
A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is being visited by the home health nurse who is creating a care plan. What nursing diagnosis is most likely for a patient with this condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Impaired verbal communication. In ALS, motor neurons deteriorate leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, including those involved in speech production. This results in impaired verbal communication. Chronic confusion (A) is not a common manifestation of ALS. Impaired urinary elimination (B) and bowel incontinence (D) are not typically associated with ALS, as it primarily affects motor neurons, not autonomic functions.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with HIV infection has begun experiencing severe diarrhea. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate the diarrhea?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increase the patient's oral fluid intake. This is because severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which can be dangerous for patients with HIV infection. By increasing oral fluid intake, the patient can stay hydrated and prevent further complications. Administering antidiarrheal medications on a scheduled basis (Choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue of dehydration. Encouraging the patient to eat balanced meals (Choice B) and increase activity level (Choice D) may be important for overall health but do not directly address the immediate concern of dehydration caused by severe diarrhea.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is teaching breast self-examination (BSE) to a group of women. The nurse should recommend that the women perform BSE at what time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: At the time of menses. This is because breasts are less lumpy and tender during this time, making it easier to detect abnormalities. Performing BSE at other times may lead to false alarms due to hormonal changes. Choice B is incorrect because timing matters for accurate results. Choice C is incorrect as weekly BSE is unnecessary and may cause unnecessary anxiety. Choice D is incorrect as breasts are more lumpy and tender post-menses, potentially making it harder to detect abnormalities.
Question 5 of 9
Which patient ismostat risk for increased peristalsis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Stress, like having three final examinations on the same day, can lead to increased peristalsis due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This can result in faster movement of food through the digestive system. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Ignoring the urge to defecate does not directly relate to increased peristalsis. C - Major depressive disorder is more likely to be associated with decreased peristalsis due to the effects of stress on the body. D - Elderly individuals tend to have reduced peristalsis due to age-related changes in the digestive system.
Question 6 of 9
A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital because of chronic severe diarrhea. The nurse caring for this patient should expect the physician to order what drug for the management of the patients diarrhea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sandostatin. This drug is a somatostatin analog that can help manage HIV-related chronic severe diarrhea by reducing gastrointestinal secretions. Sandostatin works by inhibiting the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters in the gut, which can help control diarrhea in HIV patients. Rationale: A: Zithromax is an antibiotic that is not typically used to manage chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients. C: Levaquin is also an antibiotic and not indicated for managing diarrhea in HIV patients. D: Biaxin is another antibiotic and not the appropriate choice for managing chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients. In summary, Sandostatin is the correct choice as it specifically targets the underlying cause of diarrhea in HIV patients by reducing gastrointestinal secretions, whereas the other options are antibiotics that are not indicated for this purpose.
Question 7 of 9
A patient has returned to the floor after undergoing a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The patient has a continuous bladder irrigation system in place. The patient tells you he is experiencing bladder spasms and asks what you can do to relieve his discomfort. What is the most appropriate nursing action to relieve the discomfort of the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: Administering a smooth-muscle relaxant is the most appropriate nursing action to relieve bladder spasms post-TURP. The smooth-muscle relaxant helps relax the bladder muscles, reducing spasms and discomfort. Applying a cold compress (choice A) may provide temporary relief but won't address the underlying cause. Notifying the urologist (choice B) is important but not the immediate action for relieving spasms. Irrigating the catheter with normal saline (choice C) may not effectively address the spasms. Administering a smooth-muscle relaxant is the best choice for prompt relief.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse learns about cultural issues involvedin the patient’s health care belief system and enables patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive care. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Culturally congruent care. This concept refers to providing care that aligns with the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. By learning about cultural issues and enabling patients to receive care that is meaningful and supportive within their cultural context, the nurse is demonstrating culturally congruent care. A: Marginalized groups - This refers to groups in society who are disadvantaged and face discrimination. While understanding cultural issues may be important when caring for marginalized groups, it is not the main concept demonstrated in this scenario. B: Health care disparity - This refers to differences in access to healthcare and health outcomes among different populations. While cultural competence can help address healthcare disparities, it is not the concept being demonstrated here. C: Transcultural nursing - This refers to providing care across different cultures. While related, it does not specifically address the nurse's role in understanding and enabling culturally appropriate care for individual patients and families.
Question 9 of 9
A patient with Parkinsons disease is undergoing a swallowing assessment because she has recently developed adventitious lung sounds. The patients nutritional needs should be met by what method?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Semisolid food with thick liquids. Patients with Parkinson's disease often have dysphagia, leading to aspiration and respiratory complications. Semisolid food with thick liquids helps prevent aspiration and promotes safer swallowing. TPN (A) is not necessary for meeting nutritional needs unless the patient cannot tolerate oral intake. A low-residue diet (B) may not address the specific swallowing issues in Parkinson's disease. Minced foods and fluid restriction (D) may not provide adequate nutrition and hydration.