A nurse is teaching a group of hospitalized clients who have co-occurring disorders involving cognitive disorders and alcoholism about the relapse cycle. Which statement would the nurse most likely include during this teaching session?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the relapse cycle for individuals with co-occurring cognitive disorders and alcoholism. Step 1: Discharged from the hospital, leading to using alcohol instead of medication. Step 2: Alcohol use leads to resurfacing of psychiatric symptoms. Step 3: Rehospitalization and control of symptoms with medications. Step 4: Cycle repeats after discharge. Other choices lack the comprehensive explanation of the relapse cycle, such as hallucinations being the sole trigger (B), unrelated alcoholism and psychiatric illness (C), and the cycle being solely triggered by attempts to stop drinking (D).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Genuineness. When a nurse communicates openly and is self-congruent, authentic, and transparent, they are demonstrating genuineness by being true to themselves and their feelings. This helps build trust and rapport with patients. Respect (A) focuses on valuing others, empathy (B) involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, and correctness (D) pertains to providing accurate information. Genuineness is the most appropriate skill in this context as it emphasizes sincerity and honesty in communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Permit the patient to gather his or her thoughts. Silence in communication allows the patient time to organize their thoughts and feelings before responding. This can lead to more meaningful and introspective dialogue. Choice A is incorrect because silence is not primarily used for the nurse to determine a response, but rather to facilitate patient expression. Choice C is incorrect as silence is meant to encourage patient self-reflection, not the nurse's. Choice D is incorrect as passive listening involves more than just remaining silent, it also requires attentiveness and nonverbal cues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Superego. The superego is the part of the personality that represents internalized societal and parental standards, values, and morals. When a child is rewarded and praised for positive behaviors such as helping others and being polite, these qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of the child's superego. The superego guides the individual towards moral and ethical behavior. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The id is the instinctual and impulsive part of the personality, the ego is the rational and reality-oriented part, and the preconscious contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in awareness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, social needs, such as belongingness and love, come after physiological and safety needs. Randi's feeling of exclusion in group activities and social events indicates a lack of fulfilling these social needs. Self-actualization needs relate to personal growth and achieving one's full potential, not the issue at hand. Safety needs focus on physical security, which is not the primary concern in this scenario. Esteem needs involve feeling respected and valued, but in Randi's case, the immediate issue is the lack of inclusion and connection in social settings, pointing to unmet social needs.