A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning a course of Metronidazole to treat an infection. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to stop taking Metronidazole and notify the provider?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Ataxia. Ataxia refers to a lack of muscle coordination that can be a sign of neurotoxicity associated with Metronidazole. Neurotoxicity is a serious adverse effect that warrants immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Option A) Metallic taste is a common side effect of Metronidazole and does not typically require discontinuation of the medication unless severe or persistent. Option B) Nausea is another common side effect of Metronidazole and can often be managed with supportive care or antiemetic medication. It does not usually necessitate stopping the medication. Option D) Dark-colored urine can be a side effect of Metronidazole but is not a severe adverse effect that requires immediate discontinuation of the medication. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to educate patients effectively on what to expect and when to seek medical help. Understanding the difference between common side effects and serious adverse effects helps nurses provide safe and comprehensive care to their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a client about Nevirapine, an NNRTI medication, it is essential to include the statement "Take this medication with food to increase absorption." This instruction is crucial because Nevirapine's absorption is significantly enhanced when taken with food. The presence of food helps prevent gastrointestinal side effects and improves the drug's bioavailability, ensuring the medication's optimal therapeutic effect. Option A, "Take this medication on an empty stomach," is incorrect because, as mentioned earlier, taking Nevirapine with food enhances its absorption and reduces adverse GI effects. Therefore, taking it on an empty stomach would not be ideal. Option C, "Avoid alcohol while taking this medication," is a standard precaution with many medications, but it is not directly related to Nevirapine's absorption or efficacy. While alcohol consumption should generally be limited while taking medications, this particular statement is not as critical for Nevirapine specifically. Option D, "Take this medication at the same time every day," is a good general practice for medication adherence but is not as crucial for Nevirapine's efficacy as taking it with food. Consistency in dosing is essential for maintaining therapeutic levels of the medication in the bloodstream but does not directly impact absorption like taking it with food does. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind specific medication instructions is vital for promoting patient compliance and maximizing therapeutic benefits. By providing clear, evidence-based explanations for medication administration, nurses can empower clients to take an active role in their treatment and achieve better health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. NRTI antiretroviral medications inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is essential for HIV replication. By blocking this enzyme, the medications prevent the virus from replicating and spreading. This mechanism of action helps to control the progression of HIV infection in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology education, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential adverse effects of medications to ensure safe administration and patient education. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Eye damage. Hydroxychloroquine is known to potentially cause retinopathy, a serious eye condition that can lead to vision changes or even permanent vision loss. It is essential for nurses to educate patients about the importance of regular eye exams while taking this medication to monitor for any signs of eye damage. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Nausea is a common side effect of Hydroxychloroquine, but it is not as severe or significant as the potential eye damage associated with this medication. B) Hair loss is not a documented adverse effect of Hydroxychloroquine. D) Drowsiness is not a common side effect of Hydroxychloroquine and is not a major concern compared to the risk of eye damage. By understanding the specific adverse effects of Hydroxychloroquine, nurses can provide comprehensive patient education, monitor for potential complications, and collaborate effectively with healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes in the treatment of Lupus Erythematosus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bradycardia is a common adverse effect of Beta Blockers due to their mechanism of action in slowing down the heart rate. Clients taking Beta Blockers should be monitored for signs of bradycardia, such as a slow heart rate, dizziness, or fainting. Monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure client safety.