A nurse is teaching a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation about common discomforts of pregnancy. Which findings should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Dysuria is a common discomfort of pregnancy that the nurse should include in the teaching for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. Dysuria refers to pain or discomfort during urination, which can be caused by hormonal changes or urinary tract infections common in pregnancy. It is important for the client to be aware of this discomfort so they can seek appropriate medical attention if needed to prevent complications. Breast tenderness is also a common discomfort of pregnancy that the nurse should include in the teaching. Hormonal changes can cause the breasts to become tender, swollen, or sensitive, which is a normal symptom of pregnancy. It is important for the client to know that this discomfort is common and typically resolves on its own. Urinary frequency is another common discomfort of pregnancy that the nurse should discuss with the client. Hormonal changes and the growing uterus can put pressure on the bladder, leading to increased urination frequency. It is important for the client to stay hydrated but also be aware of the need to empty their bladder frequently to avoid urinary tract infections. Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is not a common discomfort of pregnancy that the nurse should include in the teaching. While hormonal changes can cause increased blood flow to the mucous membranes, leading to nasal congestion, nosebleeds are not typically listed as a common discomfort of pregnancy. The nurse should focus on more common discomforts that the client is likely to experience. In conclusion, dysuria, breast tenderness, and urinary frequency are common discomforts of pregnancy that the nurse should include in the teaching for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. Epistaxis is not a common discomfort of pregnancy and should not be included in the teaching.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amniotic fluid plays a crucial role in the development and protection of the fetus during pregnancy. One of the key functions of amniotic fluid is to promote the adherence of fetal lung tissue to the chest wall. This is important because it helps the lungs to properly develop and function after birth. Option A is incorrect because while amniotic fluid does provide some protection and cushioning for the fetus, it does not serve as a primary source of nutrition. The fetus receives its nutrients through the placenta. Option B is incorrect because amniotic fluid does not directly influence the growth of the fetal limbs. Limb growth is primarily determined by genetic factors and the fetus's overall development. Option D is incorrect because while amniotic fluid can help the fetus to develop muscle tone through movement and exercise in the womb, it is not the primary factor in promoting muscle tone development. Muscle tone development is influenced by genetic factors and the fetus's overall health and development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A sitz bath is a common method for pericare, especially after childbirth. Choice A is correct because it demonstrates the client's understanding of the recommended frequency for performing a sitz bath, which is two to four times a day. This is important for promoting healing and preventing infection in the perineal area. Choice B is incorrect because cleaning with warm water only after bowel movements is not sufficient for proper pericare. It is important to perform pericare regularly, especially after each bowel movement, to maintain cleanliness and prevent infection. Choice C is incorrect because mixing tap water with hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for pericare. Hydrogen peroxide can be too harsh and may disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vaginal area, leading to irritation or infection. Choice D is incorrect because using ice packs whenever and for as long as needed is not a recommended method for pericare. Ice packs may help with pain or swelling, but they should not be used in place of proper cleansing and hygiene practices for pericare. In summary, choice A is the correct answer because it reflects the client's understanding of the appropriate frequency for performing a sitz bath as part of pericare after childbirth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either do not address proper pericare techniques or suggest potentially harmful practices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Option A is incorrect because it dismisses the client's feelings as normal without acknowledging the need for support or understanding. While it is true that new moms may cry frequently, it is important to address the client's specific feelings of being overwhelmed and sad. Option B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that postpartum blues can last for 3 months or longer. Postpartum blues typically resolve within the first two weeks after delivery and are considered a normal part of the postpartum period. Prolonged symptoms may indicate a more serious condition, such as postpartum depression. Option C is incorrect because it jumps to the conclusion that the client may benefit from medication without further assessment or discussion with a healthcare provider. While postpartum depression is common and can benefit from medication, it is important to first assess the severity of the client's symptoms and explore other support options before recommending medication. Option D is the correct answer because it acknowledges the temporary nature of postpartum blues and the normal changes in mood that new mothers may experience. By reassuring the significant other that the client's feelings are common and temporary, it helps normalize the client's experience and encourages support and understanding rather than immediate intervention. It is important to provide emotional support, validation, and resources for the client to manage her feelings during this challenging time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inserting the finger into the baby's mouth before removing them from the breast is the correct answer because it helps break the suction created by the baby's latch. This prevents the baby from pulling away suddenly, which can cause damage to the mother's nipple and lead to skin breakdown. By breaking the suction gently with the finger, the baby can be detached from the breast without causing harm. Choice A, wearing waterproof pads inside the bra, does not directly address the issue of preventing skin breakdown from improper latch or detachment. While it may help with leakage, it does not prevent the actual cause of skin breakdown during breastfeeding. Choice C, breastfeeding every four hours, does not address the issue of proper latch and detachment techniques that are essential for preventing skin breakdown. It is more important to focus on the correct latch and detachment methods rather than the frequency of breastfeeding sessions. Choice D, alternating breasts at each feeding, also does not directly relate to preventing skin breakdown. While it is generally recommended to alternate breasts to ensure equal milk production, it does not address the immediate concern of preventing skin breakdown during the breastfeeding session. In conclusion, inserting the finger into the baby's mouth before removing them from the breast is the most effective way to prevent skin breakdown during breastfeeding by ensuring a gentle detachment without causing harm to the mother's nipple.