ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client regarding a hormone that is released by beta islet cells in the pancreas. Which hormone is it?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Insulin. Insulin is indeed the hormone released by beta islet cells in the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. Option A) Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced mainly in the ovaries and plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It is not produced by the pancreas. Option B) Glucagon is another hormone produced in the pancreas by alpha islet cells. Unlike insulin, glucagon acts to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Option D) Parathormone, also known as parathyroid hormone, is released by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium levels in the blood, not glucose levels. In an educational context, understanding the hormones of the endocrine system is vital for healthcare professionals like nurses to effectively manage conditions like diabetes. Knowing which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels (insulin) and which one raises it (glucagon) is essential for providing proper care to patients with diabetes. This knowledge helps in medication administration, patient education, and overall disease management.
Question 2 of 5
You are precepting a nurse who has recently graduated and passed the NCLEX examination. The new nurse has been on the unit for only 2 days. Which patient should you assign to the new nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assigning the 58-year-old diabetic with peripheral neuropathy and cellulitis of the left ankle (Option B) to the new nurse is the most appropriate choice. This patient's condition is stable and requires routine wound care and monitoring. It provides an opportunity for the new nurse to practice essential nursing skills like wound dressing changes, assessing neurovascular status, and administering medications for pain and infection. Option A should be avoided as the patient is showing signs of a medical emergency, hyperglycemia with mental status changes and rapid, deep breathing, requiring immediate intervention beyond the scope of a new nurse. Option C involves a patient who has just undergone major surgery and needs close monitoring, making it unsuitable for a new nurse. Option D presents a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis requiring intensive management and swift decision-making skills, which may overwhelm a new nurse. This scenario teaches the importance of appropriate patient assignment based on acuity and complexity, ensuring new nurses can build their confidence and competence gradually while providing safe and effective care. It emphasizes the significance of matching patient needs with the skill level and experience of the nurse for optimal patient outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse teaches an older woman who has a decreased production of estrogen. Which statement would the nurse include in this client’s teaching to decrease injury?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Daily exercise, such as walking, helps improve bone density and strength, reducing the risk of falls and fractures in older women with decreased estrogen production. Walking also helps maintain muscle strength and balance. A: Drinking fluids is important for overall health but does not directly address decreasing injury in this scenario. C: Bathing the perineal area twice a day is important for hygiene but does not specifically address decreasing injury. D: Checking blood glucose levels is important for diabetes management but is not directly related to decreasing injury in this case.
Question 4 of 5
A 59-year-old man complains of nocturia, urinary frequency, and an inability to urinate forcefully and empty his bladder. Following a complete workup, he was diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). We start daily therapy with tamsulosin. Which of the following is the most likely side effect the patient may experience from the tamsulosin, and about which he should be forewarned?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: First dose hypotension. Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used for BPH. It can cause orthostatic hypotension, especially after the first dose due to sudden vasodilation. This side effect is important to be forewarned about to prevent falls or accidents. Bradycardia (choice A) is not a common side effect of tamsulosin. Increased risk of statin-induced skeletal muscle pathology (choice B) is unrelated to tamsulosin. Photophobia and painful responses to bright lights (choice D) are not associated with tamsulosin use.
Question 5 of 5
The following sympathomimetic drug is a catecholamine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D (Isoprenaline) is the correct answer: 1. Isoprenaline is a catecholamine because it has a catechol structure, which consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups. 2. Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters that include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. 3. Isoprenaline acts as a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulating both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. 4. Its pharmacological effects include increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasodilation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug but is not a catecholamine as it lacks the catechol structure. B. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as an alpha-adrenergic agonist,