A nurse is teaching a class on torts. The nurse should instruct the class that administering an antibiotic medication to a competent client after the client has refused it is an example of which of the following torts?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Battery. Battery in the context of tort law is the intentional and unauthorized physical contact with another person that results in harm or offense. In this scenario, administering the antibiotic medication to a competent client after they have refused it constitutes unauthorized physical contact, making it a clear example of battery. This act goes against the client's autonomy and right to refuse treatment. A: Assault involves the threat of physical harm, not the actual physical contact seen in this scenario. B: False imprisonment involves restricting someone's freedom of movement, which is not applicable here. C: Negligence refers to a breach of duty of care resulting in harm, but in this case, the action is intentional, not negligent.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that requires immediate assessment and intervention to prevent life-threatening complications. The nurse should prioritize assessing this client first to monitor for signs of rupture, such as severe abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. Choice A is incorrect because although the client had a late term miscarriage, it is not an immediate emergency compared to an ectopic pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as a bilateral tubal ligation is a routine surgical procedure with a lower risk of complications compared to an ectopic pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as mastitis, while uncomfortable, is not as urgent as an ectopic pregnancy that requires immediate attention. In summary, the nurse should prioritize assessing the client admitted for an ectopic pregnancy first due to the potential life-threatening nature of the condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respite care. Respite care provides temporary relief for the primary caregiver, allowing them time to attend to their own needs and errands. This support can help prevent caregiver burnout and ensure the client receives consistent care. Hospice care (A) is not appropriate as the client is not in end-of-life care. Restorative care (B) focuses on rehabilitation, which is not the primary concern in this case. Mental health care (C) may be beneficial but does not directly address the caregiver's need for time off.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The fifth vital sign is pain, which is typically measured using a numerical scale. Walking on thumb tacks causes physical pain, making it an appropriate example of the fifth vital sign. Tasting spicy food does not involve physical pain and is not a vital sign. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Walking on thumb tacks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, inserting a pulmonary artery catheter. This is the most appropriate action to differentiate between ARDS and pulmonary edema caused by left ventricular failure. The pulmonary artery catheter can provide valuable information such as pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output. In ARDS, the pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are typically low, whereas in pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure, these pressures are elevated. Positioning the patient for a chest radiograph (A) would provide anatomical information but not differentiate between ARDS and pulmonary edema. Drawing blood for arterial blood gases (B) can provide information on oxygenation but may not be sufficient to differentiate between the two conditions. Obtaining a ventilation-perfusion scan (C) is not typically used to differentiate between ARDS and pulmonary edema.