A nurse is talking with the partner of a client who has dementia. The client's partner expresses frustration about finding time to manage household responsibilities while caring for their partner. The nurse should identify that the partner is experiencing which of the following types of role-performance stress?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Role conflict. Role conflict occurs when an individual experiences conflicting demands from different roles they hold, causing stress. In this scenario, the partner is struggling to balance the roles of caregiver and managing household responsibilities, leading to frustration. A: Role ambiguity refers to uncertainty or lack of clarity about one's responsibilities, which is not evident in the scenario. B: Role overload is when an individual has too many responsibilities to manage effectively, but in this case, the partner is specifically struggling with conflicting roles. D: Sick role is when an individual's illness affects their ability to fulfill their roles, which is not the primary issue in this scenario. In summary, the partner's frustration in balancing caregiving and household responsibilities indicates role conflict as the correct type of role-performance stress being experienced.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep the feet close together. This helps maintain a stable base of support, improving balance and reducing the risk of injury. The wider the base of support, the more stable the body is during lifting. Keeping the feet close together also helps distribute the weight evenly and allows for better control over the movement. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Using the back muscles for lifting can lead to strain and injury. It is important to use the legs and core muscles instead. C: Standing close to the cabinet when lifting may cause strain due to limited range of motion. It is better to maintain a comfortable distance. D: Bending at the waist increases the risk of back injury. Instead, it is recommended to bend at the knees and hips while keeping the back straight.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expertise. Professionalism is often associated with possessing a high level of expertise or specialized knowledge in a particular field. This expertise allows professionals to perform their duties effectively and competently. Early definitions of professionalism emphasized the importance of possessing the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in one's profession. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while empathy, ethical and moral values, and honesty are important characteristics of professionalism, they are not the defining factors. Empathy, ethics, and honesty are crucial components of professional behavior, but without expertise, a professional may not be able to effectively fulfill their responsibilities in their chosen field.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because many nurses felt frustrated with the lack of independent functioning after the Vietnam War. This is a significant challenge as nurses were accustomed to a high level of autonomy in field hospitals during wartime but faced restrictions in civilian healthcare settings. This led to dissatisfaction and a sense of limitation in their professional roles. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Nursing contributing to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s out of fear is not a challenge that the profession faced but rather a societal issue related to lack of knowledge and fear of the disease. B: Nursing practice flourishing in field hospitals during the Korean War with abundant supplies and equipment is not a challenge but a positive aspect of nursing history. D: A decline in the number of hospice nurses due to ethical dilemmas is a specific problem related to hospice care and not a widespread challenge faced by the entire profession of nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing ethics primarily concern the ethical principles, duties, and rules of behavior that guide professional nurses in their practice. This includes aspects such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence. A is incorrect because nursing ethics are not limited to the organizational level but extend to individual actions within the profession. C is incorrect as while moral character is important, nursing ethics are more about professional responsibilities and conduct. D is incorrect because while the experiences and needs of nurses are important, nursing ethics are primarily about how nurses interact with patients, families, and colleagues.