ATI RN
Endocrine System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is taking care of a client with a parathyroid disorder. Which of the following nutrients does a client with hypoparathyroidism need more of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the case of a client with hypoparathyroidism, the correct answer is B) Calcium. This is because the parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. When there is a deficiency of PTH, as seen in hypoparathyroidism, calcium levels can become dangerously low, leading to symptoms like muscle cramps, seizures, and spasms. Therefore, a client with hypoparathyroidism needs more calcium to maintain proper bodily functions and prevent complications. Option A) Potassium is incorrect because potassium levels are not directly affected by parathyroid disorders. Option C) Magnesium is incorrect as well, although magnesium is essential for bone health, its regulation is not primarily controlled by the parathyroid gland. Option D) Sodium is also incorrect as it is not specifically related to parathyroid disorders and does not play a significant role in calcium metabolism. In an educational context, understanding the relationship between parathyroid function and calcium regulation is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, who care for clients with endocrine disorders. This knowledge enables them to provide appropriate care, monitor for complications, and educate patients on dietary and medication management to maintain optimal calcium levels. This question highlights the importance of understanding the specific nutrient needs associated with endocrine disorders, contributing to better patient outcomes and quality of care.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse collaborates with assistive personnel (AP) to provide care for a client who is prescribed a 24-hour urine specimen collection. Which statement would the nurse include when teaching the AP about this activity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Note the time of the client's first void and collect urine for 24 hours. This is correct because for a 24-hour urine specimen collection, it is essential to start by noting the exact time of the first void and then collect all subsequent urine voided over the next 24 hours, including the final void at the same time the collection started. This ensures accurate measurement of substances in the urine over a full 24-hour period. Choice B is incorrect because the preservative should be added to the container at the beginning, not the end, to maintain the integrity of the specimen. Choice C is incorrect because the 24-hour collection starts with the first void, not the first morning urine. Choice D is incorrect as missing even one urine sample during the 24-hour collection can compromise the accuracy of the results.
Question 3 of 5
A patient presents with an anaphylactic reaction following a bee sting. Which of the following is the drug of choice for treating the multiple cardiovascular and pulmonary problems that, if not promptly corrected, could lead to the patient’s death?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treating anaphylactic reactions due to its ability to rapidly reverse the cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms. It acts by constricting blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and opening up the airways, which helps counteract the potentially life-threatening effects of anaphylaxis. Atropine (A) is used for bradycardia, Diphenhydramine (B) for mild allergic reactions, and Isoproterenol (D) for bradycardia or heart block. Epinephrine is the most appropriate choice in this scenario due to its immediate and broad-spectrum effects in managing anaphylactic reactions.
Question 4 of 5
A floor nurse pages you about a patient who is having chest pain. You order an electrocardiogram and rush to see the patient. He describes the pain as tight pressure and is demonstrably sweating and gasping for air. The ECG comes back with acute ST-segment elevations in inferior leads, and you diagnose a myocardial infarction. You start giving the patient oxygen and give him sublingual nitroglycerin and morphine for pain. You also give him another medication, which you have read may prolong his survival in this situation. What class of medication is it?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: β-Blocker. β-Blockers are indicated in the management of myocardial infarction as they help reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. This results in less strain on the heart muscle and can improve survival outcomes. Additionally, β-blockers can prevent arrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrent infarction. In this scenario, where the patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations, the use of a β-blocker is crucial in managing the condition and improving the patient's prognosis. Summary of other choices: B: α-Agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction. C: Muscarinic agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction. D: Neuromuscular blocker - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
Question 5 of 5
Ipratropium is a synthetic bronchodilator atropine substitute administered by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhalation. Ipratropium is a bronchodilator used to treat conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs, where it acts locally to relax the smooth muscle and dilate the airways, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm. Oral route (A) would result in poor absorption and systemic side effects. Intravenous (B) and subcutaneous (C) injections are not preferred due to the risk of systemic effects and lack of targeted action. Thus, inhalation is the most effective and appropriate route for ipratropium administration.