A nurse is taking a birth history assessment on a client who is 8 weeks gestation and has one child who was born at 38 weeks. Which is consistent with this birth history?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Multipara. This term refers to a woman who has given birth to two or more children. In this case, the client has one child already, making her a multipara. A: Primipara refers to a woman who has given birth to one child, which does not match the client's birth history. B: Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time, which also does not match the client's history. C: Nulligravida refers to a woman who has never been pregnant, which is not the case for the client. Therefore, the correct term to describe the client's birth history is Multipara, as she has one child and is currently 8 weeks gestation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: misoprostol. Misoprostol is used for cervical ripening in obstetrics due to its ability to soften and dilate the cervix, making it favorable for induction of labor. It is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that helps prepare the cervix for childbirth. Amniotomy (A) is the artificial rupture of membranes and does not directly aid in cervical ripening. Hemabate (B) is a medication used to treat postpartum hemorrhage, not for cervical ripening. Progesterone (D) is a hormone that helps maintain pregnancy and is not used for cervical ripening.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: fetal growth restriction. Oligohydramnios refers to low levels of amniotic fluid, which can restrict fetal growth due to decreased cushioning and space for movement. This can lead to complications such as poor fetal nutrition, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Fetal macrosomia (A) is the opposite of fetal growth restriction, preterm labor (B) is not directly associated with oligohydramnios, and placenta previa (C) is a separate condition involving the placenta's position in the uterus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: postterm birth. Multiple gestation, such as twins or triplets, often leads to a higher risk of postterm birth due to the increased likelihood of preterm labor and delivery. This is because the uterus may become overdistended and unable to maintain the pregnancy to full term, resulting in postterm birth. Incorrect choices: A: Tachysystole is excessive uterine contractions, which is not directly related to multiple gestation. B: Postterm birth is already covered as the correct answer. D: Early decelerations are a common finding in labor but not specifically associated with multiple gestation complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cephalohematoma. When using a vacuum extractor during childbirth, the device applies suction to the baby's head to assist with delivery. This suction can cause a collection of blood between the baby's skull and periosteum, resulting in a cephalohematoma. This complication is due to the pressure exerted on the baby's head during the extraction process. Cephalohematoma is a common side effect of vacuum extraction and typically resolves on its own. Face presentation and fetal growth restriction are not directly related to the use of a vacuum extractor. Scalp fracture is a rare but serious complication that can occur if excessive force is applied during vacuum extraction, leading to bone injury, which is different from the collection of blood in a cephalohematoma.