A nurse is striving to practice patient-centered care at a hospital. Which action best exemplifies providing patient-centered care?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves actively engaging the patient in their care by having them complete a self-reported functional status indicator and then reviewing it together. This empowers the patient, encourages their participation in decision-making, and ensures their preferences and needs are considered. Choice B focuses on technology rather than patient involvement. Choice C is important but does not directly involve the patient in their care. Choice D is necessary but does not prioritize patient engagement. Thus, choice A best exemplifies patient-centered care by promoting collaboration and respecting the patient's autonomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Policy development and individual planning skills. This is because public health nursing involves working at the population level to promote health and prevent disease. Policy development is crucial in shaping the environment to support health, and individual planning skills are necessary to provide personalized care within the broader public health context. Choice B is incorrect because public health nursing focuses on populations, not just individuals. Choice C is incorrect as financial planning and management are not specific to public health nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect because while leadership and critical thinking skills are important, they are not specific domains of public health nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report facts to and ask questions of physicians. In 1865, district nurses in Liverpool mainly acted as intermediaries between patients and physicians, relaying important information and concerns to the doctors. This duty helped ensure effective communication between healthcare providers and patients. Explanation: A: Using epidemiologic knowledge and methods was not a common duty of district nurses in 1865. Their roles were more focused on patient care and communication. B: While encouraging community organization may have been beneficial, it was not a primary duty of district nurses in Liverpool at that time. D: Assisting physicians with surgery in hospitals was not a typical responsibility of district nurses in 1865; their role was more centered around patient care and support.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outreach. Outreach involves actively reaching out to underserved populations to provide services, such as vaccinations, in a cost-effective manner. The nurse is proactively addressing the lack of access to vaccinations in the rural community by bringing the services directly to them. Surveillance (A) involves monitoring health data, screening (C) involves testing individuals for a specific condition, and case management (D) involves coordinating care for individual patients, which are not directly related to the community-level intervention described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because social determinants of health refer to what society collectively does to create conditions for people to be healthy. This includes policies, programs, and social norms that influence health outcomes. Choice B focuses on the social conditions, which is a part of the broader concept but not the complete definition. Choice C refers to public health efforts and community health, which is related but not focused on the societal actions. Choice D describes health information management, which is not directly related to social determinants of health. In summary, A is correct as it best captures the essence of social determinants of health, while the other choices are either too narrow or unrelated to the concept.