A nurse is reviewing the chart of a preschool child who has been diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to discover?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Absent crawling at 10 months old. Asperger's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. Children with Asperger's may exhibit delays or differences in motor skills development compared to their peers. Crawling is a key developmental milestone that typically occurs around 7-10 months of age. A preschool child with Asperger's who did not crawl by 10 months may raise concerns about motor development. Option A) Eating finger foods at 10 months old is a typical developmental milestone, not specifically linked to Asperger's syndrome. Option C) Separation anxiety at 10 months old is a common emotional response in infants and does not directly relate to Asperger's. Option D) Saying "ma-ma" at 10 months old is a speech and language milestone and is not indicative of Asperger's syndrome. Educationally, understanding developmental milestones and their deviations in children with neurodevelopmental disorders like Asperger's is crucial for healthcare professionals. Recognizing such deviations can aid in early identification, intervention, and support for these children to optimize their developmental outcomes. It highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments and tailored care for children with special needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the timing of puberty in females is crucial for health promotion efforts. The correct answer is C) 2 years before males. This is because females typically begin puberty between the ages of 8-13, whereas males typically start between 10-15 years old. This difference is primarily due to the hormonal changes that occur in the body, with females experiencing puberty earlier to prepare for potential reproductive functions. Option A) 1 year before males is incorrect because the timing of female puberty is usually more than just one year ahead of males. Option B) 1 year after males is incorrect as females generally start puberty before males. Option D) 2 years after males is also incorrect as it goes against the established pattern of female puberty preceding male puberty. Educationally, understanding the timing of puberty is important for healthcare providers, educators, and parents to support adolescents through this transitional period. By knowing when puberty typically begins in females, appropriate health promotion strategies, emotional support, and education about physical changes can be provided to help adolescents navigate this significant developmental stage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Tell him to be active and eat a balanced diet. This recommendation is based on the principles of health promotion and primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet are key components in preventing the development of this disorder. Physical exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels, while a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Option A) Tell him to avoid any and all sweets is incorrect because it promotes a restrictive approach to diet that is not necessary for preventing diabetes. Total avoidance of sweets is not required; rather, moderation and balance are key. Option C) Tell him he should talk to his physician about genetic testing is not the most appropriate initial recommendation for a teenager with a family history of Type 2 diabetes. While genetic factors can play a role, lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise are the primary focus for prevention. Option D) Tell him that very little can be done to avoid developing this disorder is incorrect and defeatist. There is a lot that can be done through lifestyle modifications to lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, and this option does not empower the teenager to take control of their health. Educational context: It is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate and evidence-based recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention. Understanding the role of lifestyle factors in preventing chronic diseases like Type 2 diabetes is essential for promoting health and well-being in individuals at risk. Empowering individuals with the knowledge and tools to make informed choices about their health is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice in promoting positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "Do any of your friends drink?" is the most appropriate question for the nurse to ask when initiating a discussion about alcohol consumption with a teenager during a physical exam. This question is crucial as it helps the nurse assess the teenager's peer influence and potential exposure to alcohol consumption. Understanding the teenager's social circle and whether friends engage in drinking can provide insights into their own behaviors and attitudes towards alcohol. Option A, "So, what do you and your friends do for fun and excitement?" is less appropriate as it is too broad and may not directly address the issue of alcohol consumption. Option B, "Do you have access to alcohol?" although relevant, does not delve into the social context that can significantly impact the teenager's alcohol-related decisions. Option D, "Do you want to talk about alcohol or drinking?" is not as effective as it puts the onus on the teenager to initiate the discussion, which may not always be comfortable or productive in this context. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to ask targeted questions that can uncover important information about a teenager's alcohol consumption patterns, especially considering the influence of peers on adolescent behavior. By inquiring about the teenager's friends' drinking habits, the nurse can better tailor interventions and education to promote health promotion and prevent risky alcohol-related behaviors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a driver's education course, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of avoiding distractions while driving. This is why the correct answer is B) Avoiding talking on cell phones. Using a cell phone while driving can significantly impair a person's ability to focus on the road, increasing the risk of accidents. By highlighting this recommendation, students are educated on the dangers of distracted driving and are encouraged to prioritize their attention on the road. Option A) Carpooling with friends, while promoting eco-friendly practices, may not directly impact the safety of the driver unless the discussion shifts to distractions or overcrowding in the vehicle. Option C) Driving during daytime hours does not address any specific safety concern like distractions or visibility issues that are crucial to driver safety. Option D) Wearing safety belts is indeed essential, but this question focuses on recommendations specific to driver behavior rather than general safety practices. In an educational context, understanding and applying safe driving practices are fundamental aspects of driver education. By selecting the correct answer, students are guided to make responsible choices behind the wheel, promoting a culture of safety and attentiveness on the road. This rationale reinforces the importance of focusing on critical driving behaviors that directly impact road safety.