A nurse is recommending strategies to a group of school-age children for prevention of obesity. Which should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the importance of nutrition in preventing obesity is crucial for pediatric patients. The correct answer is option A, which is to eat breakfast daily. This is because eating a healthy breakfast can kickstart metabolism, reduce overall calorie intake throughout the day, and help in maintaining a healthy weight. Option B, limiting fruits and vegetables, is incorrect as these are essential components of a balanced diet and provide important vitamins, minerals, and fiber necessary for overall health. Option C, having frequent family meals with parents present, is important as it promotes healthy eating habits, social interaction, and communication within the family, which can positively impact a child's nutritional choices and overall well-being. Option D, eating frequently at restaurants, is incorrect as restaurant meals often contain higher amounts of unhealthy fats, sugars, and calories compared to home-cooked meals, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity in children. Educationally, it is important to teach children and their families about the significance of healthy eating habits, regular meals, and the impact of food choices on their health. By promoting behaviors like eating a nutritious breakfast daily and having family meals together, nurses can play a key role in preventing obesity and promoting overall wellness in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nephrotic syndrome, the correct clinical manifestation to expect is B) Facial edema. This is due to the loss of proteins in the urine, leading to decreased plasma oncotic pressure and fluid shifting into the interstitial spaces, particularly around the eyes and face. A) Weight loss is not a typical finding in nephrotic syndrome as there is actually fluid retention leading to weight gain. C) Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine is not a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome but may indicate other renal issues or conditions like acute glomerulonephritis. D) Fatigue can be a nonspecific symptom in many conditions and is not a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome and its clinical manifestations is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these signs can help in early identification, prompt intervention, and optimal management to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In infants with heart failure, they may have increased metabolic demands due to their condition. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the caloric density of the infant's formula to ensure adequate nutrition and energy intake. This can help support the infant's growth and provide the necessary energy for their increased metabolic needs. Increasing the amount of formula or feeding too frequently (every 2 hours) may not be necessary and could lead to other issues like overfeeding. Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on the infant during and after each feeding (Option D) is not typically related to feeding practices for an infant with heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is blood loss. Children are at risk for blood loss due to trauma, surgical procedures, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other conditions that result in significant blood volume reduction. Blood loss leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume, which in turn reduces tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. This results in hypovolemic shock, where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, leading to organ dysfunction and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, recognizing and addressing blood loss promptly is essential in managing hypovolemic shock in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: It is essential for a nurse to ensure that the client is actively involved in the development of the plan for proportionate distribution of restricted fluid volumes because it promotes the client's compliance with therapy. When the client participates in creating the plan, they are more likely to understand the importance of following it and be motivated to adhere to the recommended fluid restrictions. This active involvement fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to better treatment outcomes and improved overall health.