A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is important for the nurse to educate the client that fecal output should be expected within 24 hours after colostomy surgery. This information is crucial for the client to understand the functioning of the colostomy and to monitor for any potential issues. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dietary intake of raw vegetables may not be suitable for all colostomy patients and can potentially lead to digestive issues. Choice C is incorrect because a purplish color of the stoma is not a normal finding and could indicate inadequate blood supply or other complications that should be promptly addressed by a healthcare provider. Choice D is incorrect because experiencing bleeding around the stoma is abnormal and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ascites. Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition can be caused by liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not fluid accumulation. Hiatal hernia (B) is a condition where the stomach bulges through the diaphragm. Inguinal hernia (C) is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. Hence, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: submandibular gland. This gland is mixed but predominantly serous, with a duct opening in the oral cavity floor near the frenulum of the tongue. The sublingual gland (B) is primarily mucous, not mixed. Palatine glands (C) are located in the roof of the mouth and are minor salivary glands. The parotid gland (D) is serous but opens into the oral cavity through the parotid duct, not near the frenulum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: mucus coats the epithelium. The mucus layer acts as a protective barrier that prevents the acid and pepsin from coming into direct contact with the epithelial cells. This physical barrier helps to shield the cell membranes from denaturation and digestion. Choice A is incorrect because the type of protein in the cell membranes does not determine their resistance to denaturation and digestion. Choice C is incorrect because cell membranes are not destroyed, and mitotic activity does not play a role in protecting the cell membranes. Choice D is incorrect because hormones do not directly protect the cell membranes from acid and pepsin; rather, it is the mucus layer that provides the necessary protection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver that play a crucial role in immune defense. They are responsible for destroying bacteria and foreign material absorbed by the small intestine as they pass through the hepatic sinusoids. Kupffer cells phagocytize these pathogens, preventing their entry into the bloodstream. The other choices, B: hepatic, C: endothelial, and D: acinar, do not have the specific function of destroying bacteria in the hepatic sinusoids. Hepatic cells are liver cells, endothelial cells line blood vessels, and acinar cells are found in exocrine glands.