A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C "Rise slowly when getting out of bed" is the correct statement for the nurse to make to a client with heart failure starting on furosemide. This instruction is crucial because furosemide is a diuretic that can cause a rapid drop in blood pressure, leading to orthostatic hypotension, especially in individuals with heart failure. By advising the client to rise slowly, the nurse helps prevent dizziness, lightheadedness, or falls that can result from sudden changes in position. Option A, stating that furosemide can cause high potassium levels, is incorrect. Furosemide is actually known for causing potassium depletion or hypokalemia, making it essential for clients to monitor their potassium levels and possibly supplement potassium. Option B, suggesting to eat foods high in sodium, is also incorrect. In heart failure, there is a need to reduce sodium intake to decrease fluid retention and strain on the heart. Consuming high-sodium foods can worsen the client's condition. Option D, indicating that furosemide can cause overhydration, is misleading. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of excess fluid, so it is used to reduce fluid overload in conditions like heart failure. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the pharmacological effects of furosemide and the specific care considerations for clients with heart failure. It emphasizes the significance of patient safety in medication management and the role of nurses in providing clear and accurate education to promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Quality improvement. Completing an incident report after a client fall aligns with the quality improvement competency of QSEN, as it involves identifying a system issue (fall incident) that needs to be addressed to enhance the quality of care. Choice B, patient safety, focuses more on preventing harm to patients rather than the systematic improvement process. Choice C, evidence-based practice, pertains to integrating research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values in decision-making, which is not directly related to incident reporting. Choice D, informatics, involves using technology and data to support decision-making and improve patient care, which is not the primary focus when completing an incident report.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct position for a client immediately postoperative following a hip arthroplasty is the lateral position with an abduction pillow between the legs. This position helps prevent dislocation of the hip prosthesis and maintains proper alignment of the hip joint. Supine position with legs extended (Choice A) may put stress on the hip joint, Semi-Fowler's position with legs bent (Choice B) may not provide adequate support and alignment, and prone position with legs elevated (Choice D) is not recommended after hip arthroplasty as it can compromise the surgical site and increase the risk of complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Keeping the client's legs elevated is the appropriate action to prevent venous thromboembolism following a total knee arthroplasty. Elevating the legs helps promote circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots. Placing a pillow under the client's knees may provide comfort but does not address the specific postoperative complication. Flexing the client's knee every 2 hours may be contraindicated as excessive movement can disrupt the surgical site. Applying heat to the operative knee is not recommended immediately postoperatively as it can increase swelling and discomfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Keep the wound covered with a dry dressing.' When providing care for a wound infection, it is essential to keep the wound covered with a dry dressing to prevent further contamination and promote healing. Soaking the wound in warm water (choice A) can introduce moisture and increase the risk of infection. Using hydrogen peroxide (choice B) can be too harsh and may slow down the healing process by damaging healthy tissue. Applying a cold compress (choice C) is not typically recommended for wound infections, as it may not provide the necessary environment for healing.