A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for an incentive spirometer. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because using the incentive spirometer every hour while awake helps prevent atelectasis and improve lung function. Using it regularly throughout the day ensures optimal lung expansion and prevents respiratory complications. Choice A is incorrect because the client should inhale, not exhale, into the spirometer to promote deep breathing. Choice C is incorrect as holding the breath can lead to hyperventilation and should be avoided. Choice D is incorrect as using the spirometer only twice per session may not provide enough benefit to prevent respiratory issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because repeating the test three times and recording the highest reading helps ensure accuracy and consistency in monitoring the client's peak flow. This method accounts for any variability in the client's effort or technique. Option A is incorrect as inhaling deeply before using the peak flow meter may affect the accuracy of the reading. Option B is incorrect because performing the test before taking any bronchodilator medication may not reflect the client's actual lung function. Option D is incorrect as exhaling slowly into the device is not the recommended technique for using a peak flow meter accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use a CPAP machine every night. This is crucial for managing obstructive sleep apnea by ensuring continuous positive airway pressure during sleep, preventing airway collapse. Choice B is not directly related to managing sleep apnea. Choice C is dangerous as sleeping pills can worsen sleep apnea. Choice D may offer temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue of airway obstruction. Using a CPAP machine consistently is the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, ensuring adequate airflow and oxygenation during sleep.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a low oxygen saturation level of 85% indicates poor oxygen exchange in the lungs, which can be life-threatening in a PE. Step 1: Oxygen saturation is a direct measure of how well the lungs are oxygenating the blood, making it a critical parameter in PE. Step 2: A low oxygen saturation level can lead to tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction. Step 3: Prompt intervention is necessary to improve oxygenation and prevent further complications. Choices A, B, and C are important but not as immediately concerning as a low oxygen saturation level in a client with PE.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Chronic productive cough Rationale: 1. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by long-standing inflammation of the bronchial tubes leading to excessive mucus production. 2. A chronic productive cough, which lasts for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years, is a hallmark symptom of chronic bronchitis. 3. Frequent respiratory infections (A) may occur but are not specific to chronic bronchitis. 4. A barrel-shaped chest (B) is seen in advanced stages of COPD, not specific to chronic bronchitis. 5. Wheezing and dyspnea (D) are more commonly associated with asthma or COPD, not specific to chronic bronchitis.