A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The client asks about foods he should avoid eating. Which of the following foods should the nurse tell him to avoid?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chocolate. Chocolate is high in fat and caffeine, which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased acid reflux in GERD. Nonfat milk (A), apples (C), and oatmeal (D) are actually recommended for GERD as they are low in fat and acidic content, and can help reduce symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Dumping syndrome is a common complication post-Billroth II procedure due to rapid emptying of gastric contents into the small intestine. Choice C (dizziness and sweating) align with early dumping syndrome symptoms like vasomotor symptoms and hypoglycemia. Flushed, dry skin (A) is not typical, headache and bradycardia (B) are more indicative of vagal reaction, and dyspnea and chest pain (D) are not usually associated with dumping syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Meissner's plexus. Meissner's plexus is located in the tunica submucosa and is responsible for controlling the movements of the muscularis mucosae. It regulates local blood flow, secretion, and absorption in the small intestine. Auerbach's plexus, located in the muscularis externa, controls the motility of the muscular layer. Myenteric plexus is another name for Auerbach's plexus. Solar plexus is a network of nerves located in the abdomen, not specifically related to the enteric plexus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults due to the severe damage it causes to the supporting structures of the teeth, such as the gums and bone. It leads to progressive destruction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, eventually resulting in tooth loss. Gingivitis (B) and pyorrhea (C) are stages of periodontal disease and not the primary cause of tooth loss. Dental caries (D) primarily affects the enamel and dentin of the teeth, leading to cavities, but it is not as common a cause of tooth loss in adults as periodontal disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: oblique smooth muscle. The stomach is unique in the GI tract because it contains an additional layer of muscle fibers called the oblique muscle layer. This layer allows for more efficient mixing and churning of food, aiding in digestion. Circular smooth muscle (choice A) and longitudinal smooth muscle (choice B) are present in various parts of the GI tract but are not unique to the stomach. Skeletal muscle (choice C) is not found in the stomach as the muscles responsible for its movement are smooth muscle.