A nurse is providing instructions to a client who is taking doxapram (Dopram). Which of the following statements made by the client needs further instructions?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct time to take doxapram (Dopram) is not at bedtime. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant medication that is usually taken during waking hours to help improve breathing. Taking it at bedtime may interfere with regular sleep patterns and could potentially cause side effects like restlessness or insomnia. It is important for the client to take the medication as directed by their healthcare provider, typically before meals or as prescribed, and not at bedtime.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Terazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, treats hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing vascular and prostate smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure and easing urinary flow. Sildenafil, for erectile dysfunction, doesn't address hypertension or BPH and may drop blood pressure, risking complications. Finasteride shrinks the prostate for BPH but doesn't affect hypertension, missing the dual need. Tamsulosin, also for BPH, can cause hypotension but isn't used routinely for hypertension management. Terazosin's dual efficacy makes it safe and suitable, addressing both conditions without worsening either, unlike alternatives lacking hypertensive benefits or posing risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a patient has been taking a benzodiazepine for an extended period, abruptly stopping the medication can lead to withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms may include anxiety, irritability, agitation, insomnia, tremors, sweating, and in severe cases, seizures. To avoid these withdrawal effects, the nurse will recommend tapering the dose gradually under medical supervision. This approach allows the body to adjust slowly and reduces the likelihood of experiencing withdrawal symptoms. It is essential to follow a tapering schedule under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure a smooth transition off the medication and minimize the risk of withdrawal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct time to take doxapram (Dopram) is not at bedtime. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant medication that is usually taken during waking hours to help improve breathing. Taking it at bedtime may interfere with regular sleep patterns and could potentially cause side effects like restlessness or insomnia. It is important for the client to take the medication as directed by their healthcare provider, typically before meals or as prescribed, and not at bedtime.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Typical antipsychotics block dopamine D2 receptors, causing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) like parkinsonism due to dopamine-acetylcholine imbalance in the basal ganglia. Drugs alleviating EPS often restore this balance. Drug A strongly activates dopamine receptors, mimicking dopamine and potentially countering the blockade, but excessive activation risks psychosis. Drug B moderately boosts dopamine and GABA, offering some benefit but less specificity. Drug C potently blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, reducing cholinergic overactivity that emerges from dopamine depletion, a well-established approach (e.g., benztropine) for EPS relief without worsening psychosis. Drug D enhances GABA, unrelated to EPS mechanisms. Drug E mildly activates dopamine and GABA, insufficient for robust relief. Blocking muscarinic receptors directly addresses the cholinergic excess, making it the most effective and clinically validated strategy for EPS management.