A nurse is providing education to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following lifestyle changes should the nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increasing physical activity and reducing salt intake. Firstly, increasing physical activity helps lower blood pressure by improving heart health and circulation. Secondly, reducing salt intake helps decrease fluid retention and lower blood pressure. The other choices are incorrect because B: Increasing alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure, C: Decreasing physical activity is counterproductive, and D: Increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure due to fluid retention. Prioritizing physical activity and reducing salt intake are evidence-based lifestyle changes to manage hypertension effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Open the airway. This is the first action because in respiratory distress, ensuring a clear airway is crucial for adequate oxygenation. Opening the airway helps facilitate breathing and prevents further complications. Administering oxygen (choice B) can be done after ensuring the airway is clear. Administering medication (choice C) and pain relief (choice D) are not the initial priority in managing respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer bronchodilators. Bronchodilators help to relax and open up the airways, which can alleviate shortness of breath and chest tightness in conditions like asthma or COPD. Administering oxygen (choice B) can help if the client is hypoxic, but it does not directly address the underlying airway constriction. Applying a cold compress (choice C) may provide some comfort but will not address the respiratory distress. Administering IV antibiotics (choice D) is not indicated for shortness of breath and chest tightness unless there is an underlying bacterial infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping medication once blood pressure returns to normal can lead to a relapse of hypertension. Step 1: Educate the patient that hypertension is a chronic condition requiring long-term management. Step 2: Explain the importance of continuing medication even when blood pressure is controlled. Step 3: Emphasize the risks of stopping medication abruptly. Other choices are incorrect because they promote positive behaviors for hypertension management: A: Monitoring blood pressure is essential. B: Taking medication consistently is crucial. C: Avoiding high-sodium foods helps control blood pressure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because clinical practice guidelines for periodic health examinations provide a frequency schedule for health visits based on age. This is crucial for ensuring timely preventive care and monitoring of growth and development. Choice A is incorrect as guidelines focus on preventive care, not diagnosing illnesses. Choice B is incorrect because while guidelines may mention developmental milestones, their primary focus is on health maintenance. Choice C is incorrect as guidelines recommend health visits based on individual needs, not a one-size-fits-all annual physical examination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because monitoring vital signs and fluid status is crucial in managing chronic heart failure. This intervention helps in assessing the patient's condition, detecting any signs of deterioration, and ensuring appropriate fluid balance. Administering diuretics (A) may be necessary but should be based on the patient's fluid status. Encouraging rest (B) is important, but monitoring vital signs takes precedence. Teaching about dietary changes (D) is essential, but ensuring the patient's immediate stability through monitoring is the priority.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it focuses on assessing the impact of the pain on the woman's daily activities, which is crucial in understanding the severity and functional limitations caused by the pain. This helps in planning appropriate interventions and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. Choice A is incorrect as it shifts the focus to the family's reaction rather than the woman's pain. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes a diagnosis without proper assessment and may minimize the woman's experience. Choice C is incorrect as it redirects the conversation to the nurse's experience, which is not helpful in addressing the woman's pain and needs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer nitroglycerin. In acute pancreatitis, pancreatic inflammation can lead to pancreatic ischemia due to decreased blood flow. Nitroglycerin helps to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the pancreas, reducing ischemia and potentially preventing further damage. Pain relief (choice A) may be necessary but does not address the underlying issue of ischemia. Administering fluids (choices B and C) is important but not the most critical intervention in this case. Administering nitroglycerin is the most crucial because it targets the root cause of pancreatic ischemia in acute pancreatitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics. This is the best nursing action for a client with a wound infection because antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection at its source, targeting the bacteria causing the infection. Antibiotics help prevent the infection from spreading and promote healing. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: B: Applying a sterile dressing is important for wound care but does not address the underlying infection. C: Monitoring blood pressure is important for overall patient assessment but does not directly treat the wound infection. D: Placing the client in a sitting position is not relevant to treating a wound infection.