A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is prescribed Warfarin. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Vitamin K is essential for the production of clotting factors, so consuming high amounts of vitamin K-rich foods can counteract the effects of Warfarin and increase the risk of clot formation. Option A) Increase your intake of leafy green vegetables is incorrect because leafy greens are high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the action of Warfarin. Option C) Increase your intake of dairy products is incorrect as dairy products do not have a significant impact on Warfarin therapy. It is the vitamin K content in foods that is relevant to Warfarin use. Option D) Avoid foods high in iron is also incorrect as iron content in foods does not directly interact with Warfarin therapy. Educationally, understanding the impact of diet on drug therapy is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing which foods to avoid or limit when taking specific medications like Warfarin, nurses can help prevent adverse effects and ensure the therapeutic effectiveness of the medication. This knowledge also underscores the importance of individualized patient education to promote medication adherence and optimal treatment outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, the correct answer to the question regarding a contraindication to Propranolol being asthma is rooted in the mechanism of action of this medication. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can lead to bronchoconstriction in individuals with asthma due to its effect on beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially worsening respiratory symptoms and causing an exacerbation of asthma. Regarding the other options: - Diabetes mellitus is not a contraindication to Propranolol. In fact, Propranolol can be used in diabetic patients as it may help in managing symptoms such as tremors associated with hypoglycemia. - Hypertension is actually an indication for Propranolol as it is commonly prescribed to manage high blood pressure by reducing heart rate and blood pressure. - Glaucoma is not a contraindication to Propranolol use, as it can be beneficial in certain types of glaucoma due to its ability to reduce intraocular pressure. Understanding contraindications and indications of medications is crucial in pharmacology to ensure safe and effective treatment. Students and healthcare professionals must grasp these concepts to make informed decisions when prescribing or administering medications to patients, considering their individual health conditions and medication profiles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to an increase in potassium levels. Hyperkalemia can be dangerous, causing muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias, making it essential for the nurse to monitor potassium levels closely when a client is on Spironolactone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a common adverse effect of Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor. This cough is a result of increased bradykinin levels due to ACE inhibition. The client should be educated to monitor for a dry cough and notify the healthcare provider if it occurs, as it may indicate the need for a medication adjustment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to remain upright for 30 minutes after taking Alendronate. Alendronate can cause esophageal irritation and even ulceration if it remains in contact with the esophagus. By staying upright, the medication is more likely to pass through the esophagus and into the stomach, reducing the risk of irritation and complications.