A nurse is providing care to a 15-year-old female diagnosed with an STI. What should the nurse do next?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Facilitate interaction between the adolescent and her parents/guardians. This option is the most appropriate because it emphasizes the importance of involving the adolescent's parents or guardians in her care, especially considering her age and the sensitive nature of the diagnosis. Facilitating communication between the adolescent and her parents can help provide emotional support, ensure proper follow-up care, and involve the family in decisions regarding treatment and prevention. It also promotes trust and open communication within the family unit, which is crucial for the adolescent's overall well-being and health outcomes. Option A) Seeking advice from an ethics expert may not be necessary at this stage and could delay essential communication with the parents. Option C) Reporting the STI to the authorities is not typically the nurse's role unless mandated by law, and it may violate the adolescent's privacy rights without involving her parents or guardians. Option D) Contacting the adolescent's parents/guardians directly would be a more appropriate action than reporting to the authorities but may not be as effective as facilitating a structured interaction that supports the adolescent's autonomy while involving her family in a supportive manner. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering ethical, legal, and developmental factors when caring for adolescents with sensitive health issues. It underscores the significance of involving parents or guardians in the care of minors while respecting the adolescent's privacy and autonomy. Students can learn how to navigate complex ethical dilemmas and communicate effectively with both adolescents and their families in challenging situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Informed consent. Informed consent is a fundamental ethical concept in healthcare that requires healthcare providers to inform patients about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a proposed treatment or procedure so that the patient can make an autonomous decision based on full understanding. By not informing the client about the potential complications of open-heart surgery, the healthcare team is violating the principle of informed consent. Option A) Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. While it is important to consider beneficence in healthcare decision-making, in this case, the failure to provide information goes against the principle of beneficence as well because withholding information may not be in the patient's best interest. Option B) Autonomy is the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare. Informed consent is a key component of respecting patient autonomy, as it allows patients to make decisions based on full information. Option C) Justice relates to fairness and equality in healthcare. While justice is an important ethical principle, it is not directly related to the issue of informed consent in this scenario. In an educational context, understanding the importance of informed consent is crucial for healthcare providers to uphold ethical standards and respect patients' rights. By ensuring that patients are fully informed about their treatment options, including potential risks, healthcare professionals empower patients to make decisions that align with their values and preferences. This case also highlights the significance of effective communication and transparency in the patient-provider relationship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the different methods of preventing diseases like colon cancer is crucial. In this case, the correct answer is B) High fiber diet. A high-fiber diet is a primary prevention method for colon cancer because it helps to maintain bowel regularity and promotes overall digestive health. Fiber aids in moving waste through the colon more quickly, reducing the time that harmful substances in the stool come into contact with the colon lining, thus lowering the risk of developing cancerous changes. Option A) Hemoccult testing is a screening test, not a prevention method. It is used to detect blood in the stool, which can be a sign of colon cancer but does not prevent its occurrence. Option C) Colonoscopy is a screening procedure that can detect precancerous growths or early-stage cancer, but it is not a primary prevention method like a high fiber diet. Option D) Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure used for diagnosing and treating various conditions but is not a primary prevention method for colon cancer. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of lifestyle factors, such as diet, in preventing chronic diseases like colon cancer. It emphasizes the role of primary prevention strategies in reducing the risk of developing cancer, providing a foundation for understanding the broader concept of health promotion in pharmacology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) The nurse must ask additional questions. This response is correct because simply knowing that a person gets 5 hours of sleep per night is not enough information to draw a definitive conclusion about their sleep patterns and overall health. The nurse needs to ask additional questions to gather more details such as the quality of sleep, any underlying sleep disorders, daily activities impacting sleep, and overall sleep hygiene practices. Option A) The person is not receiving enough sleep is not necessarily accurate based solely on the information provided. While 5 hours may be below the recommended 7-9 hours for adults, individual sleep needs can vary. Option B) The person is receiving adequate sleep is not supported by the information given. Adequate sleep is typically considered to be around 7-9 hours for adults, so 5 hours may not meet this criteria. Option C) The nurse must determine where the person sleeps is not directly relevant to addressing the issue of inadequate sleep. While environment can impact sleep quality, the primary concern here is the duration and quality of sleep the person is getting. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and not jumping to conclusions based on limited information. It emphasizes the need for nurses to practice comprehensive and holistic care by probing further to fully understand a patient's health status and needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Hot tea. The Hispanic mother may be using hot tea as a home remedy for her child's asthma. Hot tea is a common home remedy in many cultures for respiratory issues due to its soothing and warming properties. It can help to alleviate congestion and promote easier breathing, making it a popular choice for managing asthma symptoms at home. Regarding the other options: A) Acupuncture: While acupuncture can be beneficial for various health conditions, including asthma management, it is less likely to be a common home remedy used by a Hispanic mother for her child's asthma. B) Cupping: Cupping therapy involves placing cups on the skin to create suction, often used for pain relief or relaxation rather than specifically for asthma. D) Massage: Massage can help with relaxation and muscle tension but is not typically a primary home remedy for asthma in Hispanic cultures. Educationally, understanding cultural influences on health practices is crucial in healthcare. By acknowledging and respecting the use of home remedies in different cultural contexts, healthcare providers can better support and educate patients on effective and safe practices for managing health conditions like asthma. Encouraging open communication and providing evidence-based information can help bridge cultural beliefs with modern healthcare approaches for optimal patient outcomes.