A nurse is providing care for a surgeon on a medical-surgical unit. A nurse from another unit asks the nurse about the surgeon's medical diagnosis. The nurse responds that he is unable to provide the information requested. The nurse is displaying which of the following ethical principles?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is demonstrating nonmaleficence by protecting the surgeon's privacy and confidentiality, which is an important ethical principle in healthcare. By not disclosing the surgeon's medical diagnosis without consent, the nurse is preventing harm and upholding the surgeon's right to privacy. A: Utility - This principle focuses on maximizing benefits for the greater good, which is not relevant in this scenario. B: Paternalism - This principle involves making decisions in the best interest of the patient without their input, which is not applicable here as the nurse is respecting the surgeon's autonomy. C: Justice - This principle pertains to fairness and equal treatment, but it is not directly related to the nurse's decision to maintain confidentiality in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A (Narcolepsy) is correct: 1. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep. 2. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and may fall asleep at inappropriate times. 3. The sudden onset of sleep is a hallmark symptom of narcolepsy. 4. Hypersomnia (choice B) is excessive daytime sleepiness but does not involve sudden sleep attacks like narcolepsy. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Choice B (Hypersomnia) is incorrect because it does not involve sudden sleep attacks, which is a defining symptom of narcolepsy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Straight catheter. In a mother undergoing a normal spontaneous delivery (NSD), a straight catheter is used for intermittent bladder emptying to prevent urinary retention without causing unnecessary trauma or infection. This type of catheter allows for short-term catheterization and reduces the risk of catheter-associated complications compared to indwelling catheters (Choice B). Option C and D are left blank as they are irrelevant choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because sexuality refers to a person's sexual orientation, behaviors, and identity, not just based on gender but also encompassing aspects such as attraction, expression, and relationships. Choice B is incorrect as it narrowly defines sexuality as solely focused on opposite-sex physical activity leading to conception, which does not consider all aspects of human sexuality. Choices C and D are blank and do not provide any information, making them incorrect by default. In summary, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the comprehensive nature of human sexuality, while the other choices are incorrect due to their limited or lack of understanding of the concept.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because head circumference typically increases after birth due to the rapid brain growth in infancy. This growth is reflected in the increasing size of the skull to accommodate the expanding brain. Choice A is incorrect as head circumference generally increases postnatally. Choices C and D are incomplete and irrelevant.