A nurse is providing care for a surgeon on a medical-surgical unit. A nurse from another unit asks the nurse about the surgeon's medical diagnosis. The nurse responds that he is unable to provide the information requested. The nurse is displaying which of the following ethical principles?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is displaying the ethical principle of nonmaleficence by respecting the surgeon's right to privacy and confidentiality. By not disclosing the surgeon's medical diagnosis, the nurse is avoiding causing harm or breaching the surgeon's trust. A: Utility focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harm for the greater good. B: Paternalism involves making decisions for others based on what is believed to be in their best interest. C: Justice pertains to fairness and equality in healthcare decision-making.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Efficiency. Efficiency is not an aspect of reliability in measuring tools. Let's break it down: 1. Stability refers to the consistency of the tool's measurements over time. 2. Internal consistency indicates the extent to which different items within the tool measure the same construct. 3. Equivalence pertains to the consistency of results when different forms of the tool are used. Therefore, efficiency, which relates to the speed or resource utilization of a tool, is not directly related to the reliability of measurements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The purpose of a literature review is to identify gaps in existing knowledge by reviewing and synthesizing previous research. This helps researchers understand what has been studied, what is missing, and where further research is needed. Choice A is incorrect because a literature review does not introduce new research methods but rather reviews existing ones. Choice C is incorrect because a literature review does not primarily focus on analyzing statistical data but rather on analyzing and synthesizing previous research studies. Choice D is incorrect because a literature review does not describe research findings in detail but rather provides a comprehensive overview of existing literature.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses the issue professionally and focuses on unit expectations rather than personal attacks. By discussing the expectations regarding delegating and completing tasks, the charge nurse can set clear guidelines for everyone. Choice B is incorrect as it involves hearsay and can lead to a defensive response. Choice C is inappropriate as it escalates the situation unnecessarily. Choice D is also incorrect as it is accusatory and can create conflict rather than resolving it. In summary, choice A is the best option as it focuses on addressing the behavior in a constructive manner and setting clear expectations for the staff nurse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A nurse should plan to pull the curtain around the client's bed to ensure privacy and maintain dignity during the bathing process. This step promotes the client's comfort and helps maintain their sense of autonomy. It also creates a safe and respectful environment for the client. Washing the client's arms and hands first (B) is not the correct initial step as privacy and dignity should be prioritized. Using a washcloth to wipe the client's eyes from the outer canthus to the inner canthus (C) is incorrect as this can introduce bacteria into the eyes. Filling the bath basin with tap water at a specific temperature (D) is not the initial action to ensure privacy and dignity.