A nurse is providing care for a surgeon on a medical-surgical unit. A nurse from another unit asks the nurse about the surgeon's medical diagnosis. The nurse responds that he is unable to provide the information requested. The nurse is displaying which of the following ethical principles?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonmaleficence. The nurse is upholding the ethical principle of nonmaleficence by protecting the surgeon's right to privacy and confidentiality. By refusing to disclose the medical diagnosis, the nurse is preventing potential harm or breach of trust. This aligns with the ethical duty to do no harm and prioritize the well-being and autonomy of the patient. Summary of other choices: A: Utility focuses on maximizing overall good outcomes, not relevant in this scenario. B: Paternalism involves making decisions for the patient's best interest without their input, not applicable in this situation. C: Justice pertains to fairness and equitable treatment, not directly related to the nurse's response in maintaining confidentiality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, wear goggles. Goggles provide eye protection against airborne particles, preventing entry through the mucous membranes. Wearing a mask alone does not protect the eyes, leaving them vulnerable to infection. Choice C and D are not given, so they are automatically incorrect. In summary, wearing goggles is crucial for comprehensive protection against airborne diseases, while wearing a mask alone may not provide complete protection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: File nails straight. Filing nails straight helps prevent nails from weakening and breaking. It maintains nail strength and shape. Following the curve (choice A) can cause uneven edges and weaken nails. Choices C and D are not provided, but filing nails in a straight motion is generally recommended for healthy nail care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because urine culture and sensitivity are used to identify the specific organism causing the infection in the urinary tract. This is crucial for selecting the most effective antibiotic treatment. Choice A is incorrect because urine culture does not analyze elements like blood and pus, but rather focuses on microbial growth. Choices C and D are incomplete and do not provide a relevant explanation for the purpose of urine culture and sensitivity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unknown. Acne is a complex skin condition with various contributing factors such as genetics, hormones, bacteria, and inflammation. Scientific research has not definitively identified a single cause of acne, making it a multifactorial condition. Choice A is incorrect as there is no direct evidence linking peanuts or oily foods to acne development. Choice C and D are blank options and do not provide any relevant information. In summary, the correct answer is B because acne is not solely attributed to a single cause, and it is still not fully understood by medical experts.