A nurse is preparing to teach a group of clients about vitamins and minerals. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following minerals is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Calcium is essential for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. It is a crucial mineral that plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the nervous system. Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy production but is not directly involved in nerve impulse transmission. Chloride is an electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance but is not primarily responsible for nerve impulse transmission. Zinc is essential for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis but is not directly related to nerve impulse transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of caring for a client who follows the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism, the nurse should request spaghetti with tomato sauce as the meal choice. This is because Orthodox Judaism prohibits the consumption of pork and pork products (as in option C), and bacon is a pork product (option D). Additionally, mixing meat and dairy products is also prohibited, making the turkey and cheese sandwich (option A) inappropriate. Educationally, understanding cultural and religious dietary practices is crucial for healthcare providers to deliver culturally competent care. By respecting and adhering to a client's dietary restrictions based on their beliefs, healthcare professionals can promote trust, respect, and overall well-being in the patient-provider relationship. This scenario highlights the importance of considering and honoring diverse dietary needs and preferences to provide holistic and patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "Offer finger foods at mealtime," is the most appropriate intervention to promote increased food intake for an older adult client in a long-term care facility. Finger foods are easy to eat and can help enhance the client's appetite by providing a variety of textures and flavors. This approach is especially beneficial for individuals who may have difficulty with utensils or decreased oral motor skills. Option A, "Offer sugar substitutes to increase the client's appetite," is incorrect because sugar substitutes do not directly impact appetite or food intake. In fact, some sugar substitutes may have a negative impact on overall health, especially for older adults with specific dietary needs. Option B, "Provide opportunities to eat three large meals per day," is not ideal for older adults who may have reduced appetites or difficulty consuming large meals. Smaller, more frequent meals or snacks throughout the day are often more manageable and can help maintain adequate nutrient intake. Option C, "Provide entertainment while the client is eating," is not the most effective intervention for promoting increased food intake. While a pleasant dining environment can enhance the dining experience, it may not directly address the client's specific needs related to food intake. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses working with older adult clients to understand the importance of individualized care when developing strategies to promote nutrition. Considering factors such as physical limitations, cognitive abilities, and personal preferences can help tailor interventions to best support each client's nutritional needs and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) A client who has colon cancer and will undergo a hemicolectomy. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is indicated for clients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally or enterally. After a hemicolectomy, the client may have difficulty tolerating oral intake initially due to bowel rest or complications, making TPN necessary to provide essential nutrients. Option A is incorrect because a client post laminectomy with IV PCA typically does not require TPN unless there are significant complications affecting their ability to take nutrition orally or enterally. Option B is incorrect as dysphagia alone does not warrant TPN; alternative feeding methods like modified diets or enteral feedings are usually attempted first. Option C is also incorrect as COPD and home oxygen therapy do not directly indicate the need for TPN unless there are other complications preventing adequate oral intake. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding when TPN is appropriate and the necessity to assess each client's individual nutritional needs based on their condition and treatment plan. It reinforces the nurse's role in providing optimal nutrition support to promote recovery and well-being in patients undergoing surgical procedures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Vitamin B12. Paresthesia of the hands and feet is a common symptom of Vitamin B12 deficiency, known as peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and the production of myelin, which insulates and protects nerves. A lack of Vitamin B12 can lead to nerve damage, resulting in symptoms like paresthesia. Option A) Iron deficiency typically presents with symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and pallor, but not specifically paresthesia. Option B) Riboflavin deficiency can cause symptoms like sore throat, redness and swelling of the lining of the mouth and throat, and skin disorders, but not typically paresthesia. Option C) Vitamin C deficiency is associated with scurvy, which manifests as bleeding gums, fatigue, and skin issues, but not paresthesia. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific manifestations of various nutrient deficiencies to accurately assess and intervene in patient care. Recognizing these signs can lead to early detection and appropriate nutritional interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in assessing, educating, and advocating for patients' nutritional needs to promote optimal health and well-being.