A nurse is preparing to complete an admission assessment on a 2-year-old child. The child is sitting on the parent's lap. Which technique should the nurse implement to complete the physical exam?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate technique in this scenario would be to perform the exam while the child is on the parent's lap. This approach helps build trust and comfort for the child, as they are in a familiar and secure environment. It can also help the nurse assess the child's behavior and interactions with the parent during the exam, providing valuable information about the child's developmental stage and emotional well-being. Additionally, conducting the exam in this way can help reduce anxiety and fear that the child may experience in an unfamiliar setting like the hospital crib or exam room.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, are known to produce strong psychological dependence in individuals who use them. These substances can create a powerful craving for their effects due to their ability to increase alertness, attention, and euphoria. Psychological dependence can lead to compulsive drug-seeking behavior, even in the absence of physical withdrawal symptoms. It is important to note that while CNS stimulants can lead to physical dependence, it is typically not as pronounced as the psychological dependence that can develop.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The management goal for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is to reduce the excretion of urinary protein. In this condition, there is an abnormal loss of protein in the urine due to damage in the glomeruli of the kidneys. Reducing the excretion of urinary protein helps prevent complications associated with protein loss, such as edema and hypoalbuminemia. While reducing blood pressure may be important in some cases, the primary focus for this specific condition is to address the protein leak in the urine. Increasing the excretion of urinary protein would worsen the condition, and increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not the desired outcome in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For a child with chronic renal failure, it is important to recommend a diet that is low in phosphorus. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys have difficulty filtering phosphorus from the blood, leading to high levels of phosphorus in the body. High phosphorus levels can contribute to bone problems and other complications in renal failure patients. By recommending a diet low in phosphorus, the nurse can help manage the child's condition and reduce the risk of further complications. It is also important to monitor other electrolyte levels such as calcium, potassium, and sodium, and adjust the diet accordingly to maintain proper balance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four structural defects in the heart. These include pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery), ventricular septal defect (hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart), overriding aorta (aorta positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect), and right ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased workload). Therefore, the correct combination of defects that constitute tetralogy of Fallot is pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, which is option A.