A nurse is preparing to assist with a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure for a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What action should the nurse prioritize to prevent fluid overload during TURP?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), fluid irrigation is commonly used to distend the bladder and flush out tissue debris. However, it is important to prioritize preventing fluid overload in the patient. Limiting the duration of irrigation fluid instillation is a crucial action to prevent excessive fluid absorption and subsequent fluid overload. Prolonged irrigation may lead to an increased risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances, which can result in serious complications such as hyponatremia and fluid volume excess. Monitoring the patient's serum electrolyte levels can be important, but limiting the duration of irrigation is a more immediate and proactive measure to prevent fluid overload. Administering diuretic medications before the procedure may not be appropriate without assessing the patient's specific fluid status and needs. Adjusting the irrigation fluid temperature, while important for hemostasis, does not directly

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC typically presents as multiple, flesh-colored, papular lesions with a central dell (resembling a pearl-like appearance) on sun-exposed areas such as the face and trunk. These lesions are known to bleed easily upon minor trauma and tend to increase in number over time. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, often triggered by sun exposure. On the other hand, seborrheic keratosis (choice C) presents as benign, pigmented, stuck-on, waxy, or warty lesions with a rough surface, true bumpy appearance. Squamous cell carcinoma (choice B) usually presents as a scaly, erythematous, rapidly growing nodule, ulcer, or plaque. Actinic keratosis (choice D) presents as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas that can progress to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of unilateral nasal congestion, facial pain, and purulent nasal discharge with tenderness over the affected sinus are suggestive of acute sinusitis. Acute sinusitis is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection leading to inflammation and swelling of the sinus mucosa, resulting in the characteristic symptoms described. The tenderness over the affected sinus indicates inflammation in that area. Allergic rhinitis typically presents with bilateral nasal congestion, clear nasal discharge, and itching, rather than facial pain and purulent discharge. Nasal polyps are associated with chronic conditions and usually lead to more gradual onset of symptoms. A deviated nasal septum may contribute to chronic sinus issues but typically does not present with acute symptoms of infection like purulent discharge and facial pain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's sudden onset of severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus following a recent upper respiratory tract infection is consistent with vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis is characterized by acute onset vertigo, often severe, which is typically associated with nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. The condition is thought to be caused by inflammation of the vestibular nerve, often viral in nature, which can occur following an upper respiratory tract infection. This inflammation leads to dysfunction of the vestibular system in the inner ear, resulting in the symptoms described. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by specific head movements, is less likely in this case given the sudden onset of symptoms not triggered by head movements. Meniere's disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The described presentation of a painless, slowly enlarging mass in the right neck just above the clavicle, along with the cytology findings of clusters of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei, is classic for parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors arising from one of the parathyroid glands, which are typically located in the neck region close to the thyroid gland. The clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei of the cells are characteristic histological features of parathyroid adenomas. This condition can often lead to hyperparathyroidism, characterized by increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia. Treatment involves surgical removal of the adenoma.