Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Confirming the patient's informed consent before the procedure is the most crucial action for the nurse to prioritize to ensure procedural safety during a thoracentesis. Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement that ensures the patient understands the purpose of the procedure, its potential risks, benefits, and alternatives. By confirming informed consent, the nurse ensures that the patient has the necessary information and has willingly agreed to undergo the procedure. This process promotes patient autonomy, prevents misunderstandings, and reduces the likelihood of legal issues related to the procedure. Additionally, verifying informed consent helps establish a foundation of trust between the healthcare team and the patient. While other actions like positioning the patient correctly and ensuring pre-procedure antibiotics may also contribute to the safety of the procedure, obtaining informed consent is the foundational step that must be prioritized.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response for a nurse when a patient expresses dissatisfaction with the care they received during their hospital stay is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, apologize for any shortcomings, and offer to address the issues. It is crucial for healthcare providers to acknowledge the patient's perspective, validate their feelings, and work towards resolving any issues that may have contributed to their dissatisfaction. This approach demonstrates empathy, professionalism, and a commitment to patient-centered care, fostering trust and effective communication between the patient and the healthcare team. Dismissing the patient's concerns (option A), ignoring their dissatisfaction (option C), or telling them that their concerns are unfounded (option D) can further escalate the situation and lead to a breakdown in the patient-provider relationship.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary nursing care delivery model is represented by option C, where the nurse performs all tasks needed by the individual patient to optimize health. In this model, the nurse is responsible for coordinating and providing comprehensive care to a specific group of patients throughout their stay. The primary nurse establishes a close relationship with the patient and takes accountability for their care, ensuring continuity, communication, and personalized attention. This approach emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and holistic care delivery, which can lead to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The aim of pelvic muscle exercises for a patient with urinary incontinence is to strengthen the muscles that control the vagina and urethra. These exercises, known as Kegel exercises, target the pelvic floor muscles that support the pelvic organs and help in controlling urinary function. Strengthening these muscles can help improve bladder control and reduce or eliminate urinary incontinence. Exercises that target the perineal area can also be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence, but the main focus is on strengthening the muscles that control the vagina and urethra.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage is characterized by bleeding within the subarachnoid space, the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Patients typically present with a sudden-onset severe headache, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits due to the mass effect of the blood in the subarachnoid space. Imaging, such as a CT scan, can confirm the presence of the hemorrhagic lesion. Ischemic stroke results from a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the brain, leading to tissue infarction and neurological deficits. Subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, commonly seen following head trauma. Intracerebral hemorrhage involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself, often leading to focal neurological deficits.