A nurse is preparing to assist with a bone marrow biopsy procedure for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient comfort during the procedure?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prioritizing the application of a topical anesthetic cream to the biopsy site is essential to ensure patient comfort during the bone marrow biopsy procedure. This will help numb the area where the biopsy needle will be inserted, reducing the pain and discomfort experienced by the patient. Administering intravenous sedation may not always be needed for a bone marrow biopsy and should be decided by the healthcare provider based on the patient's individual needs. Providing distraction techniques such as music or relaxation exercises can be helpful, but they may not be as effective at reducing the physical discomfort caused by the procedure. Allowing the patient to eat or drink up to one hour before the procedure is important for other reasons, such as preventing potential complications during sedation or anesthesia, but it is not directly related to ensuring comfort during the biopsy itself.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation with grouped vesicles on an erythematous base affecting the lips and perioral region, triggered by sunlight exposure and stress, is classic for herpes simplex labialis, commonly known as cold sores. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores and is highly contagious. Recurrent episodes can be triggered by factors like UV exposure, stress, illness, and hormonal changes. Symptoms typically start with tingling or burning sensations before progressing to grouped vesicles that rupture, forming crusts. Treatment may involve antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Perioral dermatitis typically presents with papules and pustules around the mouth, while angular cheilitis involves fissures and inflammation at the corners of the mouth. Allergic contact dermatitis would present with erythema, pruritus, and possibly vesicles in

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC typically presents as multiple, flesh-colored, papular lesions with a central dell (resembling a pearl-like appearance) on sun-exposed areas such as the face and trunk. These lesions are known to bleed easily upon minor trauma and tend to increase in number over time. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, often triggered by sun exposure. On the other hand, seborrheic keratosis (choice C) presents as benign, pigmented, stuck-on, waxy, or warty lesions with a rough surface, true bumpy appearance. Squamous cell carcinoma (choice B) usually presents as a scaly, erythematous, rapidly growing nodule, ulcer, or plaque. Actinic keratosis (choice D) presents as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas that can progress to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of unilateral nasal congestion, facial pain, and purulent nasal discharge with tenderness over the affected sinus are suggestive of acute sinusitis. Acute sinusitis is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection leading to inflammation and swelling of the sinus mucosa, resulting in the characteristic symptoms described. The tenderness over the affected sinus indicates inflammation in that area. Allergic rhinitis typically presents with bilateral nasal congestion, clear nasal discharge, and itching, rather than facial pain and purulent discharge. Nasal polyps are associated with chronic conditions and usually lead to more gradual onset of symptoms. A deviated nasal septum may contribute to chronic sinus issues but typically does not present with acute symptoms of infection like purulent discharge and facial pain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's sudden onset of severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus following a recent upper respiratory tract infection is consistent with vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis is characterized by acute onset vertigo, often severe, which is typically associated with nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. The condition is thought to be caused by inflammation of the vestibular nerve, often viral in nature, which can occur following an upper respiratory tract infection. This inflammation leads to dysfunction of the vestibular system in the inner ear, resulting in the symptoms described. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by specific head movements, is less likely in this case given the sudden onset of symptoms not triggered by head movements. Meniere's disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness