A nurse is preparing a teaching session for parents on prevention of childhood hearing loss. Which is the most common cause of hearing impairment in children?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of childhood hearing loss is crucial for providing effective care and education to parents. The most common cause of hearing impairment in children is chronic otitis media, which is inflammation of the middle ear. This condition can lead to fluid build-up, infection, and damage to the ear structures, ultimately affecting hearing. Option A, congenital rubella, can cause hearing loss in children but is not as common as chronic otitis media. Option B, congenital ear defects, may also lead to hearing impairment but is not the most prevalent cause. Option D, auditory nerve damage, is a less common cause of hearing loss in children compared to chronic otitis media. Educationally, it is important for nurses to emphasize the significance of timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis media to prevent long-term hearing issues in children. Parents should be educated on the signs and symptoms of ear infections, the importance of seeking medical attention promptly, and strategies for preventing recurrent infections. This knowledge empowers parents to advocate for their child's hearing health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Myopia. Myopia is a refractive error where light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This causes distant objects to appear blurry. The eyeball in myopia is longer than normal or the cornea has too much curvature. Amblyopia (A) is commonly known as lazy eye and refers to reduced vision in one eye. It is not a refractive disorder related to light rays falling in front of the retina. Cataract (C) is a clouding of the eye's lens, causing vision loss, but it is not a refractive disorder related to the position of light rays on the retina. Glaucoma (D) is a condition where increased pressure within the eye damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. It is not a refractive disorder related to the position of light rays on the retina. Educational Context: Understanding common pediatric respiratory disorders like myopia is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these disorders helps in providing appropriate care, educating patients and families, and collaborating effectively with ophthalmologists. Nurses must be able to differentiate between various eye conditions to ensure early identification and management, promoting optimal health outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, minimizing separation anxiety in hospitalized toddlers is crucial for their emotional well-being and recovery. The correct answer, "D) Encourage parents to room-in," is the most appropriate nursing intervention for several reasons. Rooming-in allows the child to have familiar faces and comforting presence nearby, which can significantly reduce feelings of fear and anxiety associated with separation from parents. This practice promotes a sense of security, continuity of care, and supports the child's emotional needs during a stressful hospitalization period. Option A, "Explain procedures and routines," while important for providing information and structure, may not directly address the emotional distress caused by separation from parents. Children at this age are more likely to seek comfort and reassurance from familiar caregivers rather than understanding complex procedures. Option B, "Encourage contact with children the same age," is beneficial for social interaction and peer support, but it may not effectively address the immediate needs of a toddler experiencing separation anxiety from their parents. Option C, "Provide for privacy," is not directly related to addressing separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler. Privacy is important for dignity and respect, but it may not alleviate the child's distress related to parental separation. In an educational context, understanding the emotional needs of pediatric patients is fundamental for nursing care. By choosing the correct intervention of encouraging parents to room-in, nurses can create a supportive environment that prioritizes the emotional well-being of hospitalized toddlers. This approach not only helps in managing separation anxiety but also fosters a sense of security and comfort for the child during a challenging healthcare experience.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is to administer the DTaP vaccine to the 15-month-old child. The DTaP vaccine is typically recommended for children at this age to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Administering this vaccine aligns with the standard immunization schedule for pediatric patients. Option B, administering the rotavirus vaccine, is not the most appropriate action in this case as the child's age indicates that they have likely already received the rotavirus vaccine earlier in infancy. Rotavirus vaccination is typically given in multiple doses during infancy. Option C, holding immunizations until the fever subsides, is not recommended as mild illnesses like low-grade fevers do not contraindicate routine vaccinations. It is important to educate parents that mild illnesses should not delay vaccinations unless the child is significantly unwell. Option D, administering the hepatitis A vaccine, is not the priority at this age unless specifically indicated based on the child's medical history or risk factors. Hepatitis A vaccination is not typically administered at 15 months as part of the routine immunization schedule. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of understanding the recommended immunization schedule for pediatric patients and the rationale behind each vaccine. It highlights the nurse's role in providing evidence-based care and promoting preventive health measures for children. By selecting the correct answer, the nurse demonstrates competency in pediatric vaccine administration and adherence to best practices in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Febrile seizures may occur with a fever of 100.5°F (38°C) or higher. This statement is accurate because febrile seizures are commonly associated with rapid temperature elevation in children, typically occurring with fevers above 100.4°F. It is important for parents to understand this threshold to be vigilant and prepared in case their child experiences a febrile seizure. Option A is incorrect because febrile seizures are not always indicative of a serious underlying condition. They are often benign and do not necessarily imply a severe medical issue. Option C is incorrect as febrile seizures, though frightening to witness, usually do not cause permanent neurological damage. Option D is also incorrect as it is not recommended to restrain a child during a febrile seizure; instead, the child should be placed on a safe surface and monitored to prevent injury. In an educational context, teaching parents about febrile seizures is crucial as it empowers them to respond appropriately if their child experiences one. Understanding the triggers, signs, and management of febrile seizures can help alleviate parental anxiety and ensure the safety and well-being of the child during such an episode.