A nurse is planning to host a health screening at a large urban mall. Which of the following variables will help the nurse determine which screenings should be included? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. The nurse needs to consider health problems specific to the population to prioritize screenings. 2. Screening for health problems the population is at risk for will be more relevant and beneficial. 3. Including these screenings will address the specific health needs of the community, making the event more impactful. 4. This variable ensures that the screenings provided are tailored to the population's needs. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A. Adequate space for resting is important but not a variable that directly determines which screenings to include. C. Privacy considerations are important but do not directly impact the choice of screenings. D. Availability of follow-up care is crucial but does not guide the selection of screenings to include.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Connecting poor sanitation with negative health outcomes. This highlights Florence Nightingale's role as an epidemiologist because she was one of the first to recognize the link between poor sanitation and disease spread. She conducted studies showing how improving sanitation could reduce infection rates, laying the foundation for modern epidemiology. A: Dressing soldiers' infected wounds - While this was an important part of Nightingale's work as a nurse, it does not specifically highlight her role as an epidemiologist. C: Developing training schools for nurses and midwives - Nightingale's contribution to nursing education is significant, but it does not directly relate to her role as an epidemiologist. D: Changing linens and frequently bathing clients - These actions are important for infection control but do not specifically showcase Nightingale's role as an epidemiologist in identifying the root causes of disease outbreaks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pathogenicity. In the epidemiological triad model, pathogenicity refers to the ability of an agent to cause disease. This factor is crucial as it directly relates to the agent's capability to infect and harm individuals. Pathogenicity influences the agent's virulence, infectivity, and capability to cause disease outbreaks. Susceptibility (B) refers to the host's vulnerability to the agent and is not directly related to the agent itself. Reservoirs (C) refer to the environment where the agent resides and can multiply, but it is not a factor related to the agent's inherent characteristics. Environmental changes (D) may affect the transmission of the agent but do not specifically relate to the agent's properties. Therefore, pathogenicity is the most relevant factor related to the agent when discussing the epidemiological triad.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sharing needles or other equipment contaminated with blood is a significant risk factor for contracting hepatitis C. By instructing individuals to avoid sharing such equipment, the nurse is targeting a key mode of transmission for the virus. This primary prevention strategy directly addresses the root cause of hepatitis C transmission in high-risk populations. Choice A is incorrect because while screening for hepatitis C is important, it is not a primary prevention strategy. Choice B is incorrect as handwashing is essential for preventing the spread of infections like hepatitis A and E, not hepatitis C. Choice C is incorrect because immunizations against other viral hepatitis infections do not protect against hepatitis C specifically. In summary, advising individuals to avoid sharing needles or equipment contaminated with blood is the most effective primary prevention strategy for hepatitis C compared to the other choices provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Engaging in contact tracing. Secondary prevention aims to identify and intervene early in the course of a disease to prevent its progression. Contact tracing helps to identify individuals who may have been exposed to the infectious disease, allowing for early intervention to prevent further spread. Administering immunizations (A) is a form of primary prevention to prevent the initial occurrence of the disease. Providing direct care to infected individuals (C) is a form of tertiary prevention aimed at managing the impact of the disease. Educating the public about disease transmission (D) is essential for prevention but does not directly involve early identification and intervention like contact tracing.