Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the preoperative phase, determining what the client knows about the surgery is the priority. This action helps address misconceptions, provide necessary information, and ensure the client's understanding and cooperation. Choices A, B, and C are important aspects of preoperative care but assessing the client's knowledge about the surgery takes precedence to alleviate fears, enhance communication, and optimize outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Performing sterile dressing changes. When caring for a patient with a newly placed PICC line, one of the nursing priorities is to ensure proper care of the insertion site by performing sterile dressing changes. This helps prevent infections and maintain the integrity of the line. While educating the patient on PICC line care, flushing the PICC line as prescribed, and inspecting the insertion site for signs of infection are important aspects of care, the priority immediately after insertion is to maintain the sterility of the site through proper dressing changes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct. Fluticasone, a corticosteroid medication commonly used to manage asthma, can lead to oral candidiasis due to its immunosuppressive effects. This fungal infection can manifest as white patches in the mouth and throat. Monitoring for signs of oral candidiasis is essential to initiate appropriate treatment. Polyuria (excessive urination) is not a common adverse effect of fluticasone. Hypertension and hypoglycemia are also not typically associated with this medication, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct precaution for a nurse caring for a client with shigella-induced diarrhea is to wash hands before and after client care. Shigella is a highly contagious bacterium that spreads through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected individuals. While wearing gloves is important when directly handling bodily fluids, hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the transmission of the infection. Wearing a mask or using an N95 respirator is not necessary for preventing the spread of shigella, as it primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route rather than through respiratory droplets.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low chairs without armrests. This observation should be addressed by the nurse to promote a safe environment for the older adult client. Low chairs without armrests increase the risk of falls as they can be challenging for older adults to sit down on or get up from. Addressing this issue can help prevent falls and promote safety. Choices A, B, and D are not as crucial for promoting a safe environment compared to the risk posed by low chairs without armrests.