ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Tract Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because grilled chicken breast with white rice is a low-fiber, easily digestible option suitable for a client with diverticulitis. High-fiber foods like celery (choice A), green salad (choice B), and green peas (choice C) can worsen symptoms by irritating the inflamed diverticula. Pork tenderloin (choice C) is high in fat, which can be difficult to digest. Grilled chicken breast with white rice provides protein and carbohydrates without aggravating the condition.
Question 2 of 5
The outer layer of the GI tract is composed of connective tissue and a simple squamous epithelium. This tunic is called the tunica ______ and the simple squamous epithelium is called the ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: serosa, visceral peritoneum. The outer layer of the GI tract is called the serosa, which is composed of connective tissue and a simple squamous epithelium known as the visceral peritoneum. The serosa helps to protect and support the GI tract. A: adventitia, visceral peritoneum - Adventitia is a dense connective tissue layer found in structures that are not intraperitoneal, whereas the visceral peritoneum is specific to the peritoneal cavity. C: serosa, parietal peritoneum - The parietal peritoneum is the outer layer of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity, not the outer layer of the GI tract. D: adventitia, parietal peritoneum - Similar to choice A, the parietal peritoneum is not part of the outer layer of the GI tract.
Question 3 of 5
Humans normally have 20 deciduous or 'baby' teeth and adults 32 permanent teeth. The 12 additional teeth in humans represent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: premolars and molars. Deciduous teeth consist of incisors, canines, and molars, totaling 20 in children. Adults have 32 permanent teeth, which include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Therefore, the 12 additional teeth in adults are the premolars and molars, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A (incisors and canines) is incorrect because these teeth are present in both deciduous and permanent dentition. Choice B (canines and premolars) is incorrect as it does not account for all 12 additional teeth in adults. Choice D (all molars) is incorrect as it excludes the premolars, which are also part of the additional teeth in adults.
Question 4 of 5
The cardiac or lower gastroesophageal sphincter is composed of ______ muscle and prevents chyme from moving into the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: smooth; esophagus. The cardiac sphincter is made of smooth muscle because smooth muscles are involuntary and control the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and are not found in sphincters. Choices C and D are incorrect because the duodenum is part of the small intestine and not relevant to the cardiac sphincter's function.
Question 5 of 5
In the tunica mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, a series of folds called the ______ functions to ______.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plicae circulares; increase surface area. Plicae circulares are circular folds in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. They help in maximizing contact with digested food. Villi and microvilli are structures on the surface of the small intestine that further increase surface area for absorption but are not the folds themselves. Rugae are folds found in the stomach, not the small intestine.