A nurse is planning care for a 13-year-old client who is experiencing depression. Which medication is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of depression in adolescents?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sertraline (Zoloft). Sertraline is FDA-approved for treating depression in adolescents aged 13-17. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used in this age group due to its efficacy and safety profile. Paroxetine (A) has a black box warning for increased risk of suicidal thoughts in adolescents. Citalopram (C) is not recommended for adolescents due to potential cardiac side effects. Escitalopram (D) has a black box warning for increased risk of suicidal thoughts in young adults.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Advise the patient to be patient, since these side effects are only temporary. Rationale: 1. The side effects described (shuffling gait, masklike face, drooling) are indicative of extrapyramidal symptoms caused by chlorpromazine. 2. These side effects are common with typical antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine. 3. Advising the patient to be patient is inappropriate as these symptoms may not resolve on their own. 4. Seeking a physician order for an antiparkinsonian medication (choice B) or administering trihexyphenidyl (choice D) would be appropriate interventions to manage the extrapyramidal symptoms. 5. Suggesting carrying a towel and initiating fall precautions (choice C) is important for managing the drooling and potential fall risk associated with the gait disturbances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it highlights the main problem with theories linking cannabis to psychosis or schizophrenia. It is challenging to establish a clear causal relationship between cannabis use and mental illness due to various confounding factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and co-occurring substance use. While choices A and B point out valid observations, they do not address the fundamental issue of establishing causality. Choice D is incorrect as it presents an absolute statement that contradicts the complexity of mental health research and the range of individual experiences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Antipsychotics are used to treat psychotic disorders, distinct from the other classes mentioned. Step 2: Antipsychotics are commonly used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. Step 3: Antianxiety agents and anxiolytics are essentially the same, so D is not the correct answer. Step 4: Anticholinergics primarily affect the nervous system and are not typically used in psychotherapy. Step 5: Anticonvulsants are mainly used to treat epilepsy and mood disorders, not a core class in psychotherapeutic medications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: PET scans. PET scans use a radioactive form of glucose to detect brain activity based on glucose metabolism. Glucose is a primary energy source for brain cells, so increased glucose uptake indicates increased brain activity. CT scans (A) provide structural images, EEG (B) measures electrical activity, and MRI images (D) show detailed brain structure but do not directly measure brain activity based on glucose metabolism.