During pulmonary hygiene for a client with pneumonia, a nurse positions the client on his left side in Trendelenburg position. From which of the following lung segments should the nurse expect secretions to be mobilized with the client in this position?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral segment of the right lower lobe. In Trendelenburg position on the left side, gravity helps drain secretions from the right lung's lateral segments more effectively. The right lower lobe's lateral segment is the most dependent part of the lung in this position, facilitating secretion mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the gravitational effect in Trendelenburg position on the left side, making secretion mobilization less efficient in those segments.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because restricting flexion of the hip past 120° is crucial to prevent dislocation of the prosthetic hip joint post-operatively. Excessive flexion can lead to instability and potential complications. The other options are important but do not directly relate to the risk of hip dislocation. Administering enoxaparin helps prevent blood clots, using a wedge or pillow between the legs promotes proper alignment and comfort, and performing foot and calf exercises aids in preventing blood clots as well. However, restricting hip flexion is the most critical for the client's safety and optimal recovery after a total hip arthroplasty.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Administer furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV push. This is the priority because the client is showing signs of fluid volume excess, such as weight gain, pitting edema, and crackles, which indicate fluid overload in the lungs. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps to remove excess fluid from the body quickly, making it crucial in managing excess fluid volume in this situation. Weighing the client daily (A) is important but not as urgent as addressing the immediate symptoms of fluid overload. Maintaining accurate intake and output (B) is essential for overall fluid balance but does not address the immediate excess fluid volume. Fluid restriction (C) may be needed in the long term, but immediate intervention with furosemide is necessary to prevent worsening of symptoms and potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Taking calcium supplements on an empty stomach can reduce their absorption. Calcium pills should be taken with food for optimal absorption. Options A, B, and D demonstrate good understanding of calcium management. Option A shows awareness of symptoms of hypocalcemia, B indicates proper supplementation, and D reflects knowledge of foods high in calcium that can interfere with supplement absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic renal insufficiency. Chronic renal insufficiency can lead to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis due to impaired kidney function in regulating acid-base balance. Renal insufficiency can cause retention or loss of bicarbonate ions, leading to imbalances. Myocardial infarction, occasional use of antacids, and shortness of breath with extreme exertion are not direct risk factors for acid-base imbalances.