ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a patient newly admitted with acute heart failure (HF). Which of the following laboratory/diagnostic results would indicate the presence of significant HF?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BNP of 1000 pg/mL. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by the heart in response to increased ventricular wall stress, which occurs in heart failure. A BNP level of 1000 pg/mL indicates significant heart failure. Choice B: Sodium of 150 is not specific to heart failure and could indicate dehydration or other issues. Choice C: Potassium of 5.7 mEq/L is elevated but not specific to heart failure. Choice D: pH of 7.30 could indicate acidosis, but it is not a direct marker of heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
The client is experiencing a drug-drug interaction with streptokinase and another drug. Which other drug can cause a drug-drug interaction with streptokinase?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Heparin interacts with streptokinase by increasing the risk of bleeding due to their combined anticoagulant effects. 2. Streptokinase can enhance the anticoagulant effects of heparin, leading to potential bleeding complications. 3. Cimetidine, theophylline, and digoxin do not directly interact with streptokinase in the same manner as heparin. Summary: - A: Cimetidine is not known to interact with streptokinase in a significant way. - B: Theophylline does not have a direct drug-drug interaction with streptokinase. - D: Digoxin does not interact with streptokinase to cause a drug-drug interaction.
Question 3 of 5
The client has an IV and is experiencing tissue necrosis at the site of the IV. What drug might be causing this?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: An alpha agonist. Alpha agonists can cause vasoconstriction, leading to reduced blood flow to tissues and potential tissue necrosis at the IV site. Digoxin (A) affects the heart, not blood vessels. Beta blockers (C) and calcium channel blockers (D) do not typically cause tissue necrosis.
Question 4 of 5
Common side effects to anti-arrhythmic drugs include the following: Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nausea and vomiting. Anti-arrhythmic drugs commonly cause gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and vomiting due to their impact on the digestive system. B: Hypotension is not a common side effect of anti-arrhythmic drugs. These medications are more likely to cause arrhythmias than low blood pressure. C: Pro-arrhythmic effect is a potential concern with anti-arrhythmic drugs, but not a common side effect. It refers to the drug actually causing or worsening arrhythmias. D: Constipation is not a typical side effect of anti-arrhythmic drugs. Gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea are more common. In summary, the correct answer is A because nausea and vomiting are commonly associated with anti-arrhythmic drugs, while hypotension, pro-arrhythmic effects, and constipation are less likely side effects.
Question 5 of 5
The client has been prescribed an organic nitrate for angina. What affect does this class of drugs have on the heart?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreases preload. Organic nitrates work by dilating veins, which results in decreased venous return to the heart, leading to reduced preload. This reduces the workload on the heart and oxygen demand, helping to relieve angina symptoms. Incorrect choices: B: Increases afterload - Organic nitrates do not increase afterload. They primarily affect preload by dilating veins. C: Constricts arterioles - Organic nitrates actually dilate arterioles, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance. D: Increases preload - Organic nitrates decrease preload by dilating veins, resulting in decreased venous return to the heart.