ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a patient newly admitted with acute heart failure (HF). Which of the following laboratory/diagnostic results would indicate the presence of significant HF?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BNP of 1000 pg/mL. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume overload, which commonly occurs in heart failure. A BNP level of 1000 pg/mL indicates significant HF. Choice B: Sodium of 150 is not specific to HF and may indicate dehydration or other electrolyte imbalances. Choice C: Potassium of 5.7 mEq/L is high but not specific to HF. It could result from kidney dysfunction or medication use. Choice D: pH of 7.30 may indicate acidosis, which can occur in various conditions, not just HF. In summary, BNP is a more specific marker for HF compared to the other choices.
Question 2 of 5
The client is experiencing a drug-drug interaction with streptokinase and another drug. Which other drug can cause a drug-drug interaction with streptokinase?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Heparin is known to increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with streptokinase. 2. Both drugs have anticoagulant properties, leading to a synergistic effect on bleeding risk. 3. Streptokinase enhances the activity of heparin, potentially causing excessive bleeding in the client. 4. This interaction highlights the importance of monitoring clotting parameters when these drugs are used together. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Cimetidine - Not known to interact significantly with streptokinase in terms of bleeding risk. B: Theophylline - Does not have a direct pharmacological interaction with streptokinase. D: Digoxin - Does not impact the bleeding risk associated with streptokinase.
Question 3 of 5
The client has an IV and is experiencing tissue necrosis at the site of the IV. What drug might be causing this?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: An alpha agonist. Alpha agonists can cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased blood flow and tissue necrosis at the IV site. Digoxin (A) is a cardiac glycoside used for heart conditions, not associated with tissue necrosis. Beta blockers (C) reduce heart rate and blood pressure, not causing tissue necrosis. Calcium channel blockers (D) relax blood vessels and are not typically linked to tissue necrosis.
Question 4 of 5
Common side effects to anti-arrhythmic drugs include the following: Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Nausea and vomiting) Rationale: Anti-arrhythmic drugs can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to nausea and vomiting as common side effects. This is due to the drug's impact on the digestive tract and its receptors. Hypotension (choice B) is not a common side effect of anti-arrhythmic drugs as they are more likely to cause cardiac effects. Pro-arrhythmic effect (choice C) is a potential risk of anti-arrhythmic drugs but not a common side effect. Constipation (choice D) is not typically associated with anti-arrhythmic drugs, as they are more likely to affect the heart and not the digestive system.
Question 5 of 5
The client has been prescribed an organic nitrate for angina. What affect does this class of drugs have on the heart?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreases preload. Organic nitrates dilate veins, reducing venous return to the heart and therefore decreasing preload. This helps to reduce the workload on the heart and improve oxygen supply to the myocardium. B: Increases afterload - Organic nitrates do not increase afterload. They actually reduce afterload by dilating arteries and reducing vascular resistance. C: Constricts arterioles - Organic nitrates mainly dilate both arteries and veins, causing vasodilation rather than arteriole constriction. D: Increases preload - Organic nitrates do the opposite by reducing preload through venous dilation.