A nurse is implementing a program to promote physical activity in an underserved community. Which of the following would be the most effective strategy?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why organizing group walks for community members (Choice A) is the most effective strategy: 1. Encourages social interaction and support, motivating individuals to participate. 2. Fosters a sense of community and belonging, making physical activity more enjoyable and sustainable. 3. Removes financial barriers as it is a cost-effective and accessible option for all community members. 4. Provides accountability and motivation through group participation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Providing free gym memberships may not address other barriers such as transportation or time constraints. C: Conducting a survey is important but may not directly promote physical activity. D: Education is valuable but may not translate into actual behavior change without practical implementation strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because advocating for policies that limit the availability of junk food in schools is an example of an upstream intervention in public health. Upstream interventions focus on preventing health issues at the population level by addressing the root causes. Limiting the availability of junk food in schools addresses the environmental factor contributing to poor dietary habits, therefore promoting healthier choices. Choices B, C, and D are not examples of upstream interventions as they focus more on individual-level interventions such as education, counseling, and access to healthy foods, rather than addressing the broader societal factors that influence health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The host in the epidemiological triangle represents the individual or group affected by the health issue. 2. In this scenario, the community members who are affected by health problems are the host. 3. They play a critical role in the transmission and progression of diseases within the community. Summary of incorrect choices: - A: Environmental factors are part of the environment component of the triangle, not the host. - B: The health care system is not the host but can influence disease transmission and healthcare access. - D: Pathogens are part of the agent component of the triangle, not the host.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because public health nursing focuses on population-level interventions through advocacy for policy changes to improve overall health outcomes. This aligns with the core principles of public health, emphasizing prevention and addressing social determinants of health. Providing direct care to individuals (A) is more aligned with clinical nursing. Focusing on the treatment of acute illnesses (C) is more of a medical approach rather than a public health approach. Conducting research to develop new medical treatments (D) is important but not the primary goal of public health nursing, which is more focused on prevention and promoting health in communities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Providing rehabilitation services to individuals with chronic diseases. Tertiary prevention aims to improve the quality of life and reduce the impact of an ongoing illness or condition. Rehabilitation services help individuals manage and cope with the effects of chronic diseases, preventing further complications and promoting functional independence. A: Providing vaccines to prevent disease is an example of primary prevention, preventing the initial occurrence of a disease. B: Educating individuals about healthy lifestyles is an example of secondary prevention, aiming to detect and treat conditions early to prevent further progression. D: Screening for early signs of cancer is also an example of secondary prevention, detecting cancer at an early stage to improve outcomes.