A nurse is giving instructions to a patient who will be receiving oral iron supplements. Which instructions will be included in the teaching plan?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take the iron tablets with meals if gastrointestinal distress occurs. This is because taking iron supplements with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach upset and nausea. It also enhances iron absorption. A is incorrect because taking iron tablets with milk or antacids can decrease iron absorption. B is incorrect because crushing iron pills can alter their effectiveness and may cause irritation to the stomach lining. D is incorrect because black tarry stools are a common side effect of iron supplements and do not necessarily indicate an emergency situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Procaine. Procaine is an ester local anesthetic that is derived from benzoic acid. It is commonly known as Novocain. Lidocaine (A) is an amide local anesthetic. Ropivacaine (C) is also an amide local anesthetic. Cocaine (D) is a natural alkaloid derivative and not an ester of benzoic acid. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it is the only option that matches the criteria provided in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist, meaning it specifically targets muscarinic receptors, not nicotinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors are primarily found at neuromuscular junctions and act on skeletal muscle. Bethanechol's main action is on smooth muscle, particularly in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. It is used to stimulate bladder contractions in cases of urinary retention and to treat abdominal distention. Choice A is incorrect because bethanechol is not resistant to hydrolysis, and choice B is incorrect because it is purely muscarinic in action, not exerting nicotinic effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glaucoma. Antimuscarinics are not used in the treatment of glaucoma because they can increase intraocular pressure, worsening the condition. Motion sickness, hyperhidrosis, and asthma can all be treated with antimuscarinics due to their ability to block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, thereby reducing symptoms associated with these disorders. It is important to remember that antimuscarinics can have various effects on different organ systems based on the receptors they block, so their use must be carefully tailored to the specific condition being treated.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Terbutaline. Terbutaline is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist that causes bronchodilation by acting on beta-2 receptors in the lungs without significant cardiac stimulation. Isoprenaline (A) is a non-selective beta agonist that can cause significant cardiac stimulation. Xylometazoline (C) is a nasal decongestant that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors and does not cause bronchodilation. Methoxamine (D) is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that can actually cause bronchoconstriction and does not cause bronchodilation.