A nurse is formulating a clinical question for evidence-based practice. Place in order the steps the nurse should use to clarify the scope of the problem and clinical topic of interest. Begin with the first step of the process and proceed ordering the steps ending with the final step of the process. Provide answer as lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d, e).

Correct Answer: c

Rationale: Population : The first step is to clearly define the population of interest for the clinical question. Identifying the specific population will help in formulating a focused and relevant question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preterm newborns who require mechanical ventilation are at increased risk of developing alveolar rupture. The pressure from mechanical ventilation can lead to overdistension of the alveoli, causing damage to their delicate structure. This can result in the rupture of the alveolar walls, leading to a condition known as pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Alveolar rupture can contribute to the development of other complications such as pneumothorax and air leaks, which can further compromise the newborn's respiratory status. Therefore, close monitoring and adjustment of ventilation parameters are crucial in the care of preterm newborns on mechanical ventilation to minimize the risk of alveolar rupture and its associated complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk for developing foot problems due to nerve damage and poor circulation. Washing and inspecting the feet daily is crucial in preventing and identifying any foot issues early. This practice helps in maintaining good foot hygiene, detecting any cuts, sores, or infections promptly, and preventing complications like diabetic foot ulcers. Walking barefoot is not recommended as it increases the risk of injury and infection, and cutting toenails by rounding edges can lead to ingrown toenails. Commercial preparations for foot care may contain ingredients that can be harmful to people with diabetes, so it is important to consult healthcare providers before using them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: With a WBC count of 3,000/ul (indicating leukopenia or low white blood cell count), the priority nursing intervention should be preventing infection. Leukopenia puts the client at a higher risk of developing infections due to a compromised immune system. Nurses should focus on implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, maintaining a sterile environment, and promoting vaccination compliance to reduce the risk of infection for the hospitalized client. This intervention is crucial for ensuring the client's safety and well-being during their hospital stay. Alleviating pain, controlling infection, and monitoring blood transfusion reactions are important aspects of care but in this scenario, preventing infection takes precedence due to the client's low WBC count.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Answering questions honestly and frankly helps build trust and provides clarity for the child during this difficult time.