A nurse is explaining the distinction between confidentiality and privacy. Which of the following would the nurse include as reflecting privacy?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Privacy refers to the right to keep personal matters and information private. Step 2: Choice A is correct as it reflects the idea that privacy is about personal life not governed by laws. Step 3: Choice B is incorrect as it refers to confidentiality, not privacy. Step 4: Choice C is incorrect as privacy can involve an individual and not necessarily require the involvement of another. Step 5: Choice D is incorrect as knowledge of treatment costs and benefits is more related to informed consent than privacy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interpersonal relations. Harry Stack Sullivan emphasized the importance of interpersonal relationships in shaping an individual's mental health. He focused on how interactions with others influence one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sullivan's interpersonal theory highlights the significance of social connections in understanding and treating mental health issues. Choice B: Harmony between the individual and society is not a major concept associated with Sullivan's work. While he did consider the impact of societal factors on mental health, his primary focus was on interpersonal dynamics. Choice C: Collective unconscious is a concept from Jungian psychology, not Sullivan. Sullivan's theory was more focused on individual experiences and relationships. Choice D: Unconditional positive regard is a concept from Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy, not Sullivan. While positive regard is important in therapeutic relationships, it is not a central concept in Sullivan's interpersonal theory.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mental health facilities do not accommodate the cultural needs of Hispanic Americans. This is because Hispanic Americans may feel more comfortable seeking help from resources that align with their cultural beliefs and practices. Mental health facilities that do not cater to their cultural needs may not effectively communicate or provide care in a culturally sensitive manner, leading Hispanic Americans to seek help elsewhere first. A: Requiring periods of hospitalization is not a primary reason why Hispanic Americans may avoid mental health facilities. B: Lack of 24-hour emergency services is not a significant factor influencing Hispanic Americans' preference for other resources. C: Third-party payer reimbursement does not directly impact Hispanic Americans' cultural beliefs and preferences when seeking mental health care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Axis III). Axis III in the DSM-IV-TR is used to list any medical conditions that may be relevant to the individual's psychological presentation. In this case, the woman's diabetes would be listed under Axis III because it is a medical condition that can impact her mental health. Axis I is for clinical disorders, Axis II is for personality disorders, and Axis IV is for psychosocial and environmental stressors. Therefore, the correct placement for diabetes in this scenario is on Axis III to highlight its significance in the overall assessment and treatment plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an alteration in mood or thinking is a key characteristic of mental disorders. Mental disorders often manifest through changes in mood (such as depression or mania) or thinking (such as delusions or impaired cognition). This reflects the presence of significant disturbances in mental functioning. A, B, and D are incorrect because: A: Capacity to interact with others is a broad concept that may not necessarily indicate the presence of a mental disorder. B: Ability to deal with ordinary stress is a measure of resilience rather than a specific indicator of a mental disorder. D: Lack of impaired functioning implies normal functioning, which does not capture the complexity and diversity of mental disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fidelity. Fidelity refers to the principle of keeping promises and commitments made to others. In this scenario, the nursing student made a promise to visit the patient again after lunch, demonstrating a commitment to the patient's well-being and building a trusting relationship. By choosing to stay behind and talk to the patient instead of going to the gym with classmates, the student is honoring their commitment and acting in accordance with the ethical principle of fidelity. Autonomy (A) relates to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions, beneficence (B) involves doing good and promoting the patient's well-being, and veracity (D) refers to truthfulness and honesty, none of which are directly applicable in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Brahmans. In Hinduism, the caste system places Brahmans at the top as priests and scholars. They are considered the highest caste due to their role in maintaining spiritual knowledge and performing religious rituals. Brahmans are traditionally respected for their wisdom, knowledge, and purity. Kshatriyas are the warrior caste, Vaisyas are the merchant caste, and Untouchables are considered outside the caste system altogether. Therefore, Brahmans hold the highest status in Hindu society based on their spiritual and intellectual contributions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: Implementing the teaching plan when the patient's anxiety stabilizes at its current level aligns with Peplau's views on anxiety. At this point, the patient is more receptive to learning and can process information effectively without overwhelming anxiety hindering the learning process. This approach enables the patient to engage in the teaching plan with a manageable level of anxiety, promoting a more successful learning experience. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Implementing the teaching plan when the patient's anxiety decreases to a mild level may not be the most effective timing. The patient may still have some residual anxiety that could impact their ability to fully engage in the learning process. C: Waiting until the patient is completely free of anxiety may not be realistic or necessary. A certain level of anxiety is normal, and the goal is to teach the patient to manage anxiety effectively rather than eliminate it entirely. D: Waiting until the patient's anxiety escalates to the panic level is not ideal as it can lead

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cultural identity. The patient's statement reflects their cultural beliefs, values, and practices related to family support and respect for elders, indicating a strong sense of cultural identity. This choice best captures the patient's deep connection to their cultural heritage and traditions. Choice A, Acculturation, refers to the process of adapting to a new culture, which is not evident in the patient's statement. Choice C, Cultural competence, relates to the ability to effectively work with individuals from diverse cultures, which is not explicitly demonstrated by the patient's statement. Choice D, Linguistic competence, pertains to the ability to communicate effectively in different languages, which is not the focus of the patient's statement.