A nurse is examining a G1P0 who is 10 weeks gestation. The nurse notes a bluish coloration of her cervix. The nurse should document this finding as which positive sign?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chadwick's sign. Chadwick's sign refers to the bluish coloration of the cervix due to increased vascularity in early pregnancy. This is a positive sign of pregnancy, indicating the presence of hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the cervix. Quickening is the first fetal movements felt by the mother, typically around 18-20 weeks gestation. Goodell's sign refers to the softening of the cervix, not discoloration. Hegar's sign is the softening of the lower uterine segment, also not related to discoloration. Chadwick's sign specifically describes the bluish discoloration of the cervix due to increased blood flow, making it the correct answer in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amniotomy can cause chorioamnionitis, as the procedure involves breaking the amniotic sac which increases the risk of introducing bacteria into the uterus. This can lead to infection of the fetal membranes, causing chorioamnionitis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as amniotomy does not directly cause a six-hour decrease of labor, elevated blood pressure, or second stage labor dystocia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can occur due to various reasons such as fetal malformations, multiple gestations, or maternal diabetes. The excess fluid can lead to complications such as preterm labor or fetal malpresentation. A: Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and life-threatening condition where amniotic fluid enters the maternal bloodstream, causing an allergic reaction. B: Gestational diabetes is a condition where high blood sugar levels develop during pregnancy, but it is not directly related to the amount of amniotic fluid. C: Oligohydramnios is the opposite of polyhydramnios, characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, which can also lead to complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: macrosomia. Gestational diabetes can lead to fetal macrosomia, where the baby is larger than average, increasing the risk of complications during labor such as shoulder dystocia. This is due to the excess glucose crossing the placenta and stimulating the baby's pancreas to produce more insulin, resulting in increased growth. Choice A, breech presentation, is not directly associated with gestational diabetes. Choice C is a duplicate of the correct answer. Choice D, precipitous birth, is not a common complication of gestational diabetes but rather refers to an extremely rapid labor process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: skull fracture. When obstetric forceps are used during delivery, there is a risk of excessive pressure on the fetal skull, leading to a potential complication such as a skull fracture. This occurs due to the force exerted by the instrument during the delivery process, which can cause trauma to the baby's delicate skull bones. Flexion of the head (choice A) is a normal part of the birthing process and not a complication of forceps use. Abdominal complications (choice B) and femur fracture (choice D) are not typically associated with obstetric forceps use.