A nurse is employed by a local health department. Which of the following would be one of her primary responsibilities?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: Providing education to the community about prevention of the flu. This is the nurse's primary responsibility because working in a health department involves a focus on health promotion and disease prevention at the community level. Education plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of diseases like the flu by empowering individuals with knowledge about preventive measures such as hand hygiene, vaccination, and proper respiratory etiquette. Option A is incorrect because while providing treatment is important, the primary role of a nurse in a health department is prevention rather than individual treatment. Option C is incorrect as testing family members for the flu may not be necessary unless they show symptoms. Option D is incorrect because ensuring that family members receive the flu vaccine is important but not the primary responsibility of a nurse in this context; community education has a broader impact on public health. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the role of nurses in health promotion and disease prevention within the community. It emphasizes the importance of community-wide interventions in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and underlines the significance of proactive measures in public health practice. By choosing option B, the nurse can effectively contribute to improving the health outcomes of the community through education and preventive strategies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Risk-factor perspective. When the nurse is collecting data on the number of crosswalks within a community, they are focusing on factors that contribute to safety and potential risks for pedestrians. This perspective is crucial in health promotion as it helps identify potential dangers and implement strategies to mitigate them. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: A) Developmental perspective: This perspective focuses on growth and changes over time in individuals or communities, which is not directly relevant to counting crosswalks. B) Functional perspective: This perspective looks at how different parts of a system work together to achieve a goal, which is not the primary focus when counting crosswalks. D) Systems perspective: While important in understanding the interconnectedness of various factors, in this specific context of counting crosswalks, the emphasis is more on identifying risks rather than analyzing complex systems. Educationally, understanding different perspectives in data collection is essential for nurses to effectively assess community health needs and develop targeted interventions. By recognizing the significance of the risk-factor perspective in this scenario, nurses can make informed decisions to promote safety and well-being within communities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the stages of change model is crucial for effective patient care. The correct answer is A) Action. In this model, the stages of change are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Action is the stage where individuals actively modify their behavior, such as adhering to a new medication regimen or making lifestyle changes. This stage is characterized by visible, measurable actions towards achieving health goals. Option B) Reflection is incorrect because it is not a recognized stage in the stages of change model. Reflection may occur at various points in the behavior change process, but it is not a distinct stage in this model. Option C) Maintenance is incorrect as it comes after the action stage. Maintenance involves sustaining the behavior change over time to prevent relapse. Option D) Acceptance is not a stage in the stages of change model. Acceptance may be a component of readiness for change, but it is not a specific stage in this model. Educationally, understanding the stages of change model helps healthcare providers tailor interventions to meet patients where they are in their behavior change journey. It allows for personalized and effective strategies to support patients in making lasting changes for improved health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) Blood pressure readings of 124/82 were obtained two days in a row by two different nurses. This method describes the interobserver reliability assessment, where two different observers (nurses in this case) obtain the same measurement on multiple occasions to determine the consistency and accuracy of the measurement. Option B is incorrect because having the same nurse take three consecutive readings does not assess interobserver reliability; it only measures intraobserver reliability or repeatability by the same observer. Option C is incorrect because comparing blood pressure readings between arms assesses interarm reliability, not interobserver reliability. It evaluates the consistency of readings between different sites on the same person. Option D is incorrect as it does not involve two different observers providing the same measurement to assess interobserver reliability. In an educational context, understanding the importance of interobserver reliability in healthcare measurements, such as blood pressure readings, is crucial for ensuring accurate and consistent data collection. This practice helps in determining the trustworthiness of the measurements and the competency of healthcare providers in obtaining reliable data for clinical decision-making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate screening for a low-income population in a community is blood pressure screening (Option B). The rationale behind this choice lies in the prevalence and impact of hypertension within low-income populations. Hypertension is a common health issue among individuals with limited access to healthcare and resources. By identifying high blood pressure early through screenings, nurses can initiate interventions to prevent serious complications like heart disease and stroke. Option A, HIV screening, although important, may not be the most pressing need in this specific population if hypertension is more prevalent. Colorectal cancer screening (Option C) and breast cancer mammography screening (Option D) are crucial preventive measures; however, they may not align with the immediate health concerns of a low-income community where access to regular healthcare services might be limited. From an educational perspective, understanding the context and specific health needs of different populations is essential for healthcare providers. By prioritizing screenings based on prevalence, impact, and available resources, nurses can effectively address the most urgent health issues in diverse communities, thereby promoting health equity and improving outcomes.