A nurse is employed as a nurse epidemiologist. Which of the following activities would most likely be completed by the nurse?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evaluating the number of clients presenting with similar diseases. As a nurse epidemiologist, the nurse's main role is to analyze and interpret data related to disease patterns in populations. By evaluating the number of clients with similar diseases, the nurse can identify trends, risk factors, and potential outbreaks. This activity helps in disease surveillance and prevention efforts. Explanation for other choices: A: Eliciting health history - This task is more aligned with a clinical nurse's role in assessing individual patients, not with an epidemiologist's population-level focus. C: Performing a physical examination - Similar to eliciting health history, physical examinations are more related to individual patient care rather than population-based analysis. D: C M - Incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prevalence. Prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population with a specific condition at a given point in time. In this case, the percentage of young women with STI is a measure of prevalence, as it represents the existing cases within the population. It does not indicate the rate of new cases (incidence), the spread of a disease throughout a population (epidemic), or the likelihood of developing a disease (risk). Prevalence captures the burden of the disease in the population at a specific time point.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes for both mothers and infants. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific period, not directly related to health care system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio compares the proportion of deaths from a specific cause to all deaths, not specifically related to health care system success comparison. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause per population, not directly related to the overall success of health care systems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse advising the client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, the nurse is recommending dietary changes to prevent further bone loss or fractures in the client with osteoporosis, which aligns with the goals of secondary prevention. Choice A (Primary prevention) focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place, such as promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent osteoporosis. Choice C (Tertiary prevention) aims to manage and improve the quality of life for individuals already diagnosed with a disease, which is more advanced than the scenario provided. Choice D (Treatment, but not prevention) involves addressing the disease after it has already occurred, rather than taking proactive measures to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because certain cultural or ethnic groups may have specific lifestyle habits, genetic predispositions, or environmental exposures that make them more susceptible to the disease. This would result in higher prevalence within that neighborhood compared to the rest of the city. Choice B is incorrect as the geographic location alone is unlikely to cause such a significant difference in disease prevalence. Choice C is incorrect because if the statistics are significant and consistent, it is unlikely to be a statistical fluke. Choice D is incorrect because the time of year should not impact disease prevalence in one neighborhood significantly more than the entire city.