A nurse is employed as a nurse epidemiologist. Which of the following activities would most likely be completed by the nurse?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because as a nurse epidemiologist, the nurse's primary role is to evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases. This involves analyzing data, identifying trends, and patterns to help prevent and control the spread of diseases within a population. This activity aligns with the core responsibilities of a nurse epidemiologist in monitoring and managing public health issues. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Eliciting health history is typically done by nurses in direct patient care roles, not specifically by nurse epidemiologists. C: Performing physical examinations is more in line with clinical nursing practice rather than epidemiological analysis. D: The option is incomplete and irrelevant to the role of a nurse epidemiologist.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct term to describe the data is "prevalence" because it refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular condition at a specific point in time. In this case, the prevalence of STI among young women aged 17 to 20 at the university health center is 600 out of 8000. A. "An epidemic" is incorrect because it refers to the widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. B. "Incidence" is incorrect because it refers to the rate of new cases of a disease within a specified time period, not the total number of existing cases. D. "Risk" is incorrect because it refers to the probability of an individual developing a disease based on certain factors, not the actual number of cases present in a population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better access to healthcare and overall health outcomes. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period, not specific to healthcare system comparison. C: Proportionate mortality ratio is a measure of the proportion of deaths from a specific cause compared to all deaths, not specifically for comparing healthcare systems. D: Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths from a specific cause in a population, which is not comprehensive enough to evaluate overall healthcare system success.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The nurse is engaging in secondary prevention by recommending the client to consume three servings of milk or dairy products daily to prevent further bone loss in osteoporosis. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, the nurse is intervening early to prevent worsening of osteoporosis. A: Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place. C: Tertiary prevention involves managing and improving the quality of life for individuals already diagnosed with a disease. D: Treatment, but not prevention, would involve managing symptoms or complications of a disease without focusing on preventing further progression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because cultural or ethnic factors can influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, genetic predispositions, and environmental exposures. This concentration can lead to higher rates of the disease within that specific community. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city is less likely to directly influence disease prevalence unless there are specific environmental factors present. C: A statistical fluke without meaning is unlikely if there are clear and significant differences in disease rates between the neighborhood and the rest of the city. D: The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city is less likely to impact disease prevalence unless seasonal factors are directly related to the disease.