A nurse is doing an assessment data while completing an admission for a patient with a history of liver

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Given the patient's history of liver transplant and current medications (prednisone and azathioprine), the nurse should pay close attention to an increased cholesterol level. Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) and immunosuppressants (such as azathioprine) can both contribute to dyslipidemia, leading to elevated cholesterol levels. Monitoring cholesterol levels is crucial in this patient population to assess cardiovascular risk and potentially adjust medications or lifestyle interventions accordingly. The other findings mentioned (soft non-tender lump in the shoulder, grade 1+ pitting edema in the feet, swollen and pinkish gums) may be important to note but do not directly relate to the patient's history of liver transplant and medication regimen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Furosemide belongs to the class of drugs known as loop diuretics. These diuretics act on the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased urine production and subsequent fluid loss. Loop diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, and edema. Furosemide is a widely prescribed loop diuretic known for its potent diuretic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenytoin (Dilantin) belongs to the therapeutic class of anticonvulsants. Anticonvulsants are medications primarily used to treat and prevent seizures and are commonly prescribed for patients with epilepsy. Phenytoin works by stabilizing the electrical activity in the brain to prevent abnormal brain activity that leads to seizures. It is not classified as a mood stabilizer or bronchodilator; its main purpose is to control epileptic seizures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sympathomimetic amines are compounds that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Options A, C, D, and E (epinephrine, norepinephrine, levonordefrin, and phenylephrine) are all sympathomimetic amines commonly used in dentistry for their vasoconstrictive properties. Felypressin, on the other hand, is a synthetic vasopressin analog and does not have sympathomimetic properties. It is commonly used in dentistry as a local vasoconstrictor to prolong the anesthetic effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In chemical antagonism, two drugs produce opposite effects on a physiological system but do not act at the same receptor site. This type of antagonism occurs when one drug chemically interacts with another drug to reduce its effects. The drugs involved in chemical antagonism do not compete for the same receptor site, unlike competitive antagonism where drugs compete for the same receptor site, or noncompetitive antagonism where drugs may act at different sites but still result in inhibition. Physiological antagonism involves two drugs that produce opposite effects but do not necessarily interact chemically. Potentiation refers to the increase in effect when two drugs are combined. Given the scenario described in the question, the phenomenon of two drugs producing opposite effects without acting at the same receptor site best aligns with chemical antagonism.