A nurse is discussing sleep problems with a patient. What type of foods would she recommend to promote sleep?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diet influences sleep via neurotransmitter and blood sugar effects. 'A carbohydrate snack' promotes sleep by raising tryptophan levels, a serotonin and melatonin precursore.g., a banana or crackers 1-2 hours before bed stabilizes glucose, easing sleep onset. 'One cup of hot chocolate' has caffeine (e.g., 5-20 mg), a stimulant delaying sleep, despite warmth's relaxation. 'Three glasses of red wine' sedates initially but disrupts REM sleep latere.g., alcohol metabolism at 3 a.m. causes awakeningsper sleep studies. 'A high-protein snack' , like turkey, has tryptophan but digestion (e.g., tyrosine release) can stimulate, not sedate. Nursing, per Taylor, favors carbs for their insulin-mediated tryptophan boost, avoiding stimulants or heavy meals. Choice D is the correct, evidence-based recommendation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep drugs vary in mechanism. 'Ramelton (Rozerem)' normalizes cycles by mimicking melatonin, binding MT1/MT2 receptorse.g., aligning sleep to 11 p.m.per Taylor's pharmacology. 'Flurazepam (Dalmane)' and 'temazepam (Restoril)' , benzodiazepines, sedate via GABAe.g., 15 mg knocks out, not syncing cycles. 'Eszopiclone (Lunesta)' , a non-benzodiazepine, enhances GABA tooe.g., 3 mg aids sleep onsetbut doesn't target melatonin. Ramelton's unique actione.g., no tolerance vs. others' 2-week fademimics the body's clock, making Choice D correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic pain's defining trait is its impact over time. 'It interferes with normal functioning' is true e.g., arthritis pain limits mobility or sleep, per Taylor's chronic pain framework, persisting beyond 3-6 months and disrupting life (e.g., work absenteeism). Choice A, 'less than 6 months,' defines acute paine.g., a sprain heals in weeks, not chronic. Choice B, 'always present and intense,' overstates; chronic pain variese.g., fibromyalgia waxes and wanes, not constant 10/10. Choice D, 'disappears with treatment,' is false; chronic pain often resists curee.g., neuropathy lingers despite drugs. For example, a patient with back pain for years might skip social events, showing functional loss, not just discomfort. Unlike acute pain's warning, chronic pain's persistence shifts focus to management (e.g., PT, meds), not resolution. Nursing recognizes its biopsychosocial toll, making Choice C the accurate statement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pain misconceptions stem from fear and myths. 'I will get addicted to pain medications' is commone.g., patients refuse opioids, fearing dependency (e.g., 30% underreport pain), per Taylor's patient education needs. Choice B, 'need to ask,' is truee.g., PRN requires it, not a misconception. Choice C, 'nurses are here to help,' aligns with caree.g., no myth here. Choice D, 'not fight without help,' is accuratee.g., support exists, not a false belief. Addiction feare.g., 'Morphine's like heroin'ignores low risk (1-2% with short-term use), per studies. Nurses counter this with factse.g., 'It's safe short-term'making Choice A the correct, prevalent misconception.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morphine's opioid effect slows GI motility. 'Increase fluids and high-fiber foods, and use a mild laxative' is correcte.g., 2L water, prunes, and docusate prevent/treat constipation, per Taylor's management. Choice A, 'only when severe,' risks uncontrolled paine.g., cancer pain needs steady dosing. Choice C, 'enema every third day,' is invasivee.g., unnecessary vs. diet/laxatives. Choice D, 'nothing to worry about,' dismisses a real issuee.g., 50% of opioid users strain. Nurses teach proactive stepse.g., 'Drink more, try bran'balancing relief and side effects. Choice B is the practical, correct advice.