ATI RN
Immune System Medication Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is discussing interferon alfa 2b with a patient. What will the nurse encourage the patient to do while taking this drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To avoid crowds. Interferon alfa 2b is an immunomodulatory drug that can weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Therefore, the nurse should encourage the patient to avoid crowds to reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents. Choice B: To increase salt intake is incorrect because interferon alfa 2b does not require an increase in salt intake. Choice C: To decrease milk intake is incorrect as there is no specific need to decrease milk intake while taking interferon alfa 2b. Choice D: To eat three meals a day is incorrect as it is a general dietary recommendation and not specifically related to taking interferon alfa 2b.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has just been told that her cancer has metastasized to her right kidney. An interferon (Aldesleukin) has been prescribed to treat this metastasis. The patient asks why this interferon is ordered. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It activates human cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth. Interferon (Aldesleukin) is a type of immunotherapy that works by activating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. In this case, the interferon is prescribed to treat the metastasis to the right kidney by boosting the patient's immune response against the tumor cells. Autologous tumor cells (choice A) are the patient's own cancer cells and interferon does not protect them. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (choice C) involves using donor stem cells and is not related to the mechanism of action of interferon. Interferon does not have a direct proliferative effect on renal tumors (choice D), rather it inhibits tumor growth by enhancing the body's immune response.
Question 3 of 5
The nursing class is studying monoclonal antibodies. What monoclonal antibody reacts to human T cells, disabling them and acting as an immune suppressor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muromonab-CD3. This monoclonal antibody reacts to human T cells by binding to the CD3 receptor, which disables the T cells and acts as an immune suppressor. Muromonab-CD3 is specifically designed to target T cells and is used in conditions where T cell activity needs to be suppressed, such as in transplant rejection. A: Adalimumab targets TNF-alpha and is used in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. B: Cetuximab targets EGFR and is used in cancer treatment. C: Rituximab targets CD20 on B cells and is used in conditions like lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. Muromonab-CD3 is the correct answer because of its specific mechanism of action on T cells, distinguishing it from the other choices that target different cell types or pathways.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an allograft transplant. The physician orders a monoclonal antibody to prevent rejection of the transplant. What monoclonal antibody would the nurse expect to be ordered?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the purpose - Monoclonal antibody for preventing transplant rejection. Step 2: Recall specific monoclonal antibodies used in transplants - Daclizumab is commonly used for this purpose. Step 3: Understand mechanism - Daclizumab targets IL-2 receptor on T-cells, inhibiting activation and preventing rejection. Step 4: Rule out other options - Alemtuzumab is used for leukemia, Erlotinib for cancer, and Omalizumab for asthma, not transplant rejection. Summary: Daclizumab is the correct choice as it specifically targets T-cell activation, unlike the other options meant for different conditions.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a female patient, aged 62, who has been admitted for treatment of metastatic melanoma. What agent would the nurse anticipate the physician is likely to order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ipilimumab. This drug is a checkpoint inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. It works by targeting and blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. Aldesleukin (A) and Interferon alfa 2b (B) are immunotherapy agents used in melanoma treatment but are not typically first-line for metastatic disease. Cyclosporine (C) is an immunosuppressive agent used in transplant patients, not for treating melanoma.