A client is postoperative, and a nurse is developing a plan of care. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan to prevent pulmonary complications?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encourage the use of an incentive spirometer. This intervention helps prevent pulmonary complications by promoting deep breathing and preventing atelectasis. A: Range-of-motion exercises do not directly prevent pulmonary complications. B: Placing suction equipment is important but does not prevent pulmonary complications. D: Administering an expectorant helps with mucus clearance but does not prevent pulmonary complications as effectively as using an incentive spirometer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries. This is the priority action because inhalation injuries can be life-threatening due to airway compromise. The nurse should assess for soot in the mouth, facial burns, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing. This allows for prompt intervention if respiratory distress is present. A: Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not the priority as it does not address the immediate life-threatening issue. C: Administering pain medication is important but not the priority over assessing for inhalation injuries which could lead to respiratory distress. D: Drawing blood for a CBC count is not the priority as it does not address the immediate threat to the client's airway.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber. Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicates an air leak in the system, which can lead to lung collapse. The water-seal chamber should have intermittent bubbling during exhalation but should not bubble continuously. Constant bubbling in the suction-control chamber (A) is expected and indicates proper suction is being applied. Bloody drainage in the collection chamber (C) is common in the immediate postoperative period. Fluid-level fluctuations in the water-seal chamber (D) can be normal due to changes in intrathoracic pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuberculosis. Healthcare workers should wear an N95 respirator mask when caring for clients with airborne infectious diseases like tuberculosis. The N95 mask is designed to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, including those that may carry the tuberculosis bacteria. This level of protection is necessary to prevent the healthcare worker from inhaling the infectious agent. Pertussis (A), Mycoplasma pneumonia (B), and Respiratory syncytial virus (D) are not typically transmitted through the air and therefore do not require the use of an N95 respirator mask for standard care. These diseases are usually spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact, so standard precautions such as wearing a surgical mask and gloves are sufficient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking cessation. Chronic bronchitis is often caused by smoking. By quitting smoking, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing chronic bronchitis. This is the most effective prevention strategy. A: Maintenance of ideal weight may have some benefits for overall health but is not directly linked to preventing chronic bronchitis. B: Annual influenza immunization is important for preventing the flu, but it does not directly prevent chronic bronchitis. D: Regular moderate exercise is beneficial for overall health, but it is not as directly related to preventing chronic bronchitis as smoking cessation.